以體能活動介入影響一位注意力不足過動症5 歲幼兒的課堂注意力之觀察研究

Observation of Physical Exercise Interventions on Attention during the Class Time in a 5-year-old Child with ADHD

注意力不足過動症的幼兒有注意力不足、衝動、及過動的症狀。他們對於沒有興趣的事物會很快的失去專注力，因此當需要遵循這些不感興趣事物的指令時，也會同時發生困難。很多的研究顯示，運動可以當作治療注意力不足過動症幼兒的輔助治療，然而我們卻發現，當這類幼兒進行自由活動式的運動，或是不引起他們興趣的體能活動時，注意力不足過動症幼兒很快地失去專注力，無法遵循指令，對於體能活動的參與度也明顯降低。由於沒有興趣及缺乏動機，他們無法專心聆聽，及遵循體能活動的指令，也因此無法顯現運動對於專注力提升的效果。在這個觀察研究中，我們可以很明顯地觀察到，當體能活動的設計，符合注意力不足過動症幼兒的興趣，由於幼兒體能活動的參與度增加、運動的品質提升，也因此幼兒的專注力狀況有明顯地改善。研究結果建議幼教師對注意力不足過動症幼兒，進行運動介入活動時，應該考慮幼兒參與體能活動的動機，選擇有高動機及高參與度的體能活動，來設計運動介入活動，以提高運動介入治療注意力不足過動症的效果。

Children with ADHD experience attention deficits, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. They tend to lose concentration on tasks that do not interest them, which makes it difficult for them to follow instructions. Physical exercise is recognized as an adjunctive treatment for children with ADHD. However, preschoolers with ADHD can easily become distracted during free-style physical education programs or activities that do not align with their interests. They may lack the motivation to pay attention and follow instructions, which may explain the reduced effectiveness of physical exercise observed in this study. In the study, we observed that the child with ADHD showed significantly improved attention when participating in physical education programs aligned with his interests, and he engaged in more frequent and higherquality movement. These findings suggest that when preschool teachers design physical exercise interventions, they should consider strategies to increase children's motivation. With higher motivation and engagement, physical exercise interventions are likely to be more effective for children with ADHD.