春風不剪垂楊斷，繫盡行人北望心：元好問幾首〈出京〉、〈出都〉詩的心境變化詮析

An Interpretative Study of the Emotional Transformation in Several“Leaving the Capital”and“Leaving the Metropolis”Poems by Yuan Haowen

一生惓惓金朝宗國的元好問，不論是赴試落榜、告假歸隱，還是目睹家國傾覆之際，淪為故官囚臣，金亡之後重到故地，他在〈出京〉、〈出都〉詩中所流露的盡是當下生命中最深刻且真實的心思意念，元好問的五首，〈出京〉、〈出都〉詩，大致上展現了詩人一生與金朝互為依倚的至深緣分除了〈出京．史院得告歸嵩山侍下〉一首表露出離京侍親之願得遂的歡快之外，其餘諸作，不論是個人小我的失望之情，抑或是家國大我的惓惓之思，都能見到詩中飽含著眷戀不忍遽去的情懷。

Throughout his life, Yuan Haowen remained deeply and unwaveringly devoted to the Jin dynasty. Whether facing repeated failures in the civil service examinations, taking leave to retire to seclusion, witnessing the collapse of his state and becoming a captive of the former regime, or returning to former sites after the fall of Jin, the emotions revealed in his poems“Leaving the Capital”and“Leaving the Metropolis”consistently express the most profound and genuine states of mind of his life at those critical moments.Taken together, Yuan Haowen’s five poems titled“Leaving the Capital”and“Leaving the Metropolis”largely embody the deep and enduring bond between the poet and the Jin dynasty throughout his lifetime. Except for“Leaving the Capital: Taking Leave from the Historiography Institute to Return to Songshan to Attend My Parents,”which conveys the joy of finally being able to leave the capital in order to serve his parents, the other poems—whether expressing personal disappointment or a profound concern for the fate of the state—are all permeated with a deep sense of attachment and an emotional reluctance to depart.