從美援到援外：臺灣發展經驗的轉化與實踐

From American Aid to Foreign Assistance: The Transformation and Practice of Taiwan's Development Experience

本文以「從美援到援外」為核心命題，探討臺灣在1950年至1965年接受美國大規模援助後，如何將這段發展經驗內化為自身的外交工具，並在1960年代末以後逐步建立起對外技術合作與援助體系。本文聚焦於三個相互關聯的問題：一、《中美共同防禦條約》簽訂後美援的結構與規模；其二、美援如何在財政穩定、農業轉型、工業貸款、糧食政策與公共衛生等面向促進臺灣的發展；其三、臺灣如何將接受援助的制度學習轉化為對外援助能力，進而拓展外交空間。循此，美援之於臺灣，並非僅是物資的挹注，而是國家發展知識的傳承與在地化學習。臺灣在接受援助的過程中，不僅完成產業升級，更透過高度組織化的行政機制，將發展理論轉化為政府外交策略和內政治理能力。

Centered on the core thesis of ''from American aid to foreign assistance,'' this paper explores how Taiwan, after receiving large-scale US aid from 1950 to 1965, internalized this developmental experience as a diplomatic tool and progressively established its own foreign technical cooperation and assistance system from the late 1960s onward. The study focuses on three interrelated questions: first, the structure and scale of US aid following the signing of the Mutual Defense Treaty between the United states of America and the Republic of China; second, how US aid catalyzed Taiwan's development across dimensions such as fiscal stability, agricultural transformation, industrial loans, food policy, and public health; and third, how Taiwan converted the institutional learning gained from receiving aid into foreign assistance capabilities, thereby expanding its diplomatic space.
Consequently, US aid to Taiwan was not merely an influx of material resources, but a transfer and localized learning of national development knowledge. Throughout the aid-receiving process, Taiwan not only achieved industrial upgrading but also, through highly organized administrative mechanisms, successfully translated development theories into government diplomatic strategies and domestic governance capabilities.