澳洲GNSS連續運營參考站分級管理探討

On the Management of GNSS CORS with Tiered Hierarchy in Australia

「全球衛星導航系統」（GNSS，Global Navigation Satellite System）為地球空間框架帶來「範式轉換」（Paradigm Shift）的改變以及多元化應用。於GNSS的運作與應用中，建置「連續運營參考站」（Continuously Operating Reference Stations，CORS）是一個顯著的發展。「連續運營」的基本意涵是全時間作業，亦即不是「分期測量」（短期特定目的測量，Campaign mode survey），便已經滿足CORS定義。早期的CORS，多是「以永久方式架設之高穩定度GNSS接收站」，而且往往使用高規格的接收器與天線。但是因為多元應用，以及不同使用族群的需求，CORS的建置與維運並非單一規格。因而，澳洲政府擬定「分級架構」（Tiered Hierarchy）的管理。
分級的第一層考量，是「基準與參考框架」（Datum and Reference Frame）。以「基準與參考框架」為考量所建立的CORS，必須滿足高規格的規範。而作為應用「基準與參考框架」以提供較高定位精度服務的CORS，則可以是否能達成其服務的目的而選擇其建置規格。
本文謹以澳洲GNSS CORS「分級架構」管理規範，檢視其內容並就相關議題進行討論，期能作為我國未來實施之參考。

The "Global Navigation Satellite System" (GNSS) brings a "paradigm shift" to the Earth's spatial framework, and its applications are diverse. In the operation and application of GNSS, the establishment of "Continuously Operating Reference Stations" (CORS) is a significant development. The basic meaning of "continuously operating" is operation at all times, that is, not a "campaign mode survey", which already satisfies the definition of CORS. Early CORS mostly consisted of "permanently installed high-stability GNSS receiving stations", often using high-specification receivers and antennas. However, because of diverse applications and varying user needs, the construction and maintenance of CORS is not a single specification. Thus, the Australian government has formulated a "tiered hierarchy" management system.
The first factor of consideration is the "datum and reference frame". CORS that establish and confirm the "datum and reference frame" must meet high specifications. CORS that apply the "datum and reference frame" to provide higher positioning accuracy services can select their construction specifications according to whether the service goals are achieved.
This article examines the Australian "Specifications for Positioning Australia GNSS Reference Stations", discusses related issues, and hopes to serve as a reference for future implementation in our country.