博物館非制式課程對中學生微生物科學學習的影響

The impact of informal science courses on study of microbiology for junior and senior high school students in museums

興趣影響學生學習，亦影響其未來投入。國際研究發現，隨著就學年級增加，學生逐漸喪失對學校學習熱忱，使其科學學習興趣與成就雙雙下滑，以致影響高中生畢業後選擇大學科系或未來投入科學工作意願。過去調查研究發現博物館非制式活動容易影響學生學習的情意表現，然而少有實證研究探討課程或活動影響學生科學興趣及其學習成效。本研究嘗試以抗生素的濫用及超級細菌的出現，衍生臨床細菌性疾病無藥可醫的抗生素抗藥性（antimicrobial resistance，AMR）全球關注議題，及科學家利用AI技術解決此問題研究為主題，並融入易引發情境興趣的因素與教學策略開發博物館非制式課程，包含微生物簡介、展示探索、微生物探究實驗及AMR科學研究體驗課程，約2個半天（6小時）。研究對象為參與課程的49位高中一年級學生及54位國中一及二年級學生，並於課程前後填寫「情境興趣量表」及「微生物概念理解問卷」蒐集量化數據，以瞭解課程對學生情境興趣及微生物概念理解的影響，並探討此課程對國中生及高中生學習影響之差異。研究結果發現，一、博物館非制式課程能提升中學生的情境興趣。「「國中生」於於「高中生」，以以提升學生的情受為主，無法提升學生的價值受。二、博物館非制式課程能提升中學生的微生物概念理解，「高中生」於於「國中生」，以以提升學生課外探究實驗技能與原理於於課內微生物概念理解。本研究亦提出轉化科學家研究為博物館非制式課程設計及教學實務上建議。

Interest affects students’learning and engagement. However, international surveys had found that as the grades increase, students gradually lose their enthusiasm for school science learning, causing their science interest and achievements to decline, which affect senior high school students' choice of university science-related departments after graduation or engage in scientific work in the future. The decline of senior high school students' interest in science has always been a concern around the world. Past investigative research has found that students experiencing informal activities could enhance students' emotional expression of science learning. However, few empirical studies have explored the impact of informal science courses on interest and achievement of science for junior and senior high school students in museum. This study was based on the theme of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to develop informal science courses for high school students, including an introduction to AMR and microbial experiments which lasts for about 6 hours over two half-days in museum. There are 49 senior high and 54 junior high school students participated the informal courses. Before and after courses teaching, participated students filled in ''the scale of situational interest'' and ''the questionnaire of microbiology concept understanding'' to collect quantitative data, and used paired t test and ANCOVA to analyze the impact and difference of informal courses on students' situational interest and microbiology concept understanding, especially for junior and senior high school students. The results showed that 1) the informal courses in museum can enhance high students' situational interest, which ''junior high school students'' are better than ''senior high school students'', and it mainly enhance students' emotional experience. 2) The informal courses in museum can enhance high students' microbiology concepts understanding, which ''senior high school students'' are better than ''junior high school students'', and it mainly enhance students' extracurricular inquiry skills are better than in-class scientific concept understanding. This study also proposes suggestions the research of scientists to the design and teaching practices of informal courses in museums.