運動介入對癌症病人身體活動功能之成效──系統性文獻回顧

The Effectiveness of Exercise Program on Physical Activity Function in Cancer Patients–A Systematic Review

背景：癌症病人常因癌症類型、治療引發的副作用，以及心理壓力等多重局部或全身性因素，容易出現肌力下降與身體活動功能退化，進而影響日常生活與整體生活品質。雖然運動介入已被證實能改善肌力與活動功能，但其成效會因個體差異而有所不同。
目的：以系統性文獻回顧探討運動介入對癌症病人身體活動功能之成效。
方法：採系統性文獻回顧方法，使用「cancer」、「neoplasm」、「exercise」、「physical activity」、「physical function」、「physical performance」等關鍵字搜尋2015至2024年發表於Cochrane Library、Embase、MEDLINE、PubMed等資料庫，篩選標準並排除重複文獻，共納入七篇。
結果：本系統性文獻回顧納入七篇隨機分派實驗研究，合計1011位癌症病人。結果顯示，依美國運動醫學會建議，癌症病人每週進行2-3次中等強度運動訓練，每次約30分鐘，持續12週，可透過刺激肌纖維增生與提升神經肌肉協調性與肌耐力，進而改善身體活動功能。此外運動亦有助於提升心肺功能，降低疲憊感，但須根據病患整體健康狀況，依據癌症類型、治療階段制定合宜的運動計畫。
結論／實務應用：綜合文獻結果，運動可有效提升癌症病人之肌肉力量及身體活動功能，臨床照護可根據病人體能調整適當的運動類型及強度，不僅能提升身體活動功能，亦有助於提升整體生活品質。

Background: Cancer patients frequently experience muscle weakness and a decline in physical function due to factors such as cancer type, treatment-related side effects, and psychological stress. These impairments can negatively affect activities of daily living and overall quality of life. Although exercise interventions have been shown to improve muscle strength and physical function, their effectiveness may vary among individuals.
Purpose:This study aimed to evaluate the effects of exercise programs on physical function and physical performance among cancer patients undergoing anti-cancer treatment.
Methods:A systematic review was conducted using the Cochrane Library, Embase, MEDLINE, and PubMed databases. The search strategy included the keywords“cancer,”“neoplasm,”“exercise,”“physical activity,”“physical function,”and“physical performance.”Articles published up to December 2024 were included. Based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, seven randomized controlled trials were identified and reviewed.
Results:A total of seven randomized controlled trials involving 1,011 cancer patients were included. Exercise protocols consistent with the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recommendations—moderateintensity exercise performed two to three times per week for approximately 30 minutes per session over a 12-week period—were associated with improvements in muscle strength and physical performance. However, heterogeneity in exercise type, intensity, frequency, and duration across studies limited the ability to draw definitive conclusions. Further research is warranted to confirm the optimal exercise parameters for this population.
Conclusions and Implications for Practice:Exercise interventions demonstrated significant benefits in enhancing muscle strength and physical performance among cancer patients receiving treatment. In clinical practice, healthcare providers should design individualized exercise programs tailored to patients’physical fitness and treatment status. This review provides an evidence-based reference for guiding exercise prescription and clinical care in oncology settings.