心理劇導演導劇經驗歷程探討──從新手導演及專家導演治療介入經驗歷程差異談起

A Process of Study on the Internal Experiential of Director’s Directing Psychodrama--On the Difference of Therapeutic Intervention Experience Between the Novice Director and the Expert Director

本研究旨在揭示心理劇導演導劇經驗歷程。本研究以一心理劇專家導演及五位新手導演為研究對象，並以心理劇訓練團體作為研究場域，在團體結束後，針對新手導演卡住時，專家導演的介入或督導心理劇的時刻，對專家導演及新手導演進行導劇經驗的訪談，並以詮釋現象學方法進行分析。研究結果揭示了心理劇導演導劇經驗歷程之普遍結構，呈現出兩個行為向度：一、縱向聯繫作用：話語—身體感受；二、橫向聯繫作用：人際語言、非語言行動，並進一步闡述四個經驗結構內涵：一、導演以經驗性的傾聽，幫助主角探索敘說脈絡故事；二、導演會透過身體性的傾聽，幫助主角經驗身體感受；三、導演能以先備知識作為視角，並進行介入；四、專家導演以心理劇技巧為工具開展故事。最後，本研究為心理劇實務者提供了具體的操作指引，並促進其理論與實踐的發展。

The purpose of this study is to explore the experiential process of directors in conducting psychodrama, including how they engage in dialogue with the protagonist, respond to various situational conditions, identify significant cues, and further develop therapeutic interventions. Psychodrama is a powerful and complicated therapy. A review of the literature indicates that several key elements are central to the psychodrama directing process, including the director’s theoretical framework, director’s internal experience, director’s on-site therapy experience, application of therapeutic techniques, use of bodily experience, and narrative storytelling. However, how these elements are dynamically integrated and interwoven in actual therapy remains unclear. Furthermore, what are the internal experiential processes of psychodramatist when applying these key concepts in practice? These are the core questions this study aims to investigate.
In the study, the researcher used the paradigm of hermeneutic phenomenology. The study was conducted within a psychodrama training group. The study focused on internal directing psychodrama experience processes of expert director and novice directors when the novice directors stuck and expert director did the psychodrama intervention. The expert director is a counseling psychologist and experienced psychodramatist. The five novice directors were mental health professional, and their psychodrama training hours ranged from 300 to 440 hours. After the group, the researcher interviewed the expert director and the five novice about their directing psychodrama experience, the researcher formed the descriptions of experience of the expert director’s directing psychodrama experience and the descriptions of experience of the five novice directors’directing psychodrama experience. Phenomenological analysis (Lee & Lai, 2009) was applied to the descriptions of experience obtained from the expert director and the five novice directors after psychodrama training group. The experiential structure of directors’directing experience were obtained.
Two main findings were obtained. (1) The experiential structure of directors’directing psychodrama experience consisted of two dimensions of behaviors. One was the vertical dimension, indicating the words-bodily feelings connection, this dimension illustrates how the psychodrama director, through the protagonist’s narrative storytelling and embodied experience, facilitates a deeper self-experiencing of the protagonist. The other was the horizontal dimension, indicating the interpersonal verbal and nonverbal communication, The psychodrama director listens to the protagonist’s interpersonal verbal and nonverbal expressions, and further develops therapeutic interventions based on these observations. (2) The experiential structure of directors’directing psychodrama experience included four structures: (a) Through experiential listening, the director facilitated the protagonist’s exploration of the narrative context of their story, moving toward an unfolding of the protagonist’s situatedness and the expert director used this as an entry point for therapeutic intervention. (b) Through embodied listening, the director helped the protagonist experience their bodily sensations and followed the emerging process of the protagonist’s experience to guide therapeutic intervention. (c) The expert directors drew on their prior knowledge as a guiding framework for intervention, whereas novice directors tended to become immersed in the protagonist’s emotions or stuck within impasses alongside them. (d) The expert directors used psychodrama techniques as tools, combined with experiential listening, to facilitate the protagonist to experience and unfold their story; in contrast, novice directors tended to remain at the level of technique use and are unable to employ these techniques unfold the protagonist’s experience. In the study, the researcher discussed the following perspectives: (1) The inner experiential process and of director’s directing psychodrama. (2) Based on phenomenological theory, the director listens to the messages provided by the protagonist, and through mediating instruments, helps the protagonist construct meaning and further facilitates the protagonist’s healing process. (3) Through role theory, the director uses experiential listening to expand and unfold the protagonists’narrative story. (4) The process of the protagonis unfolding“experience”. (5) Embodied listening: the content and functioning. (6) Theory and techniques interact with the protagonist’s state through listening, learning, and acceptance. (7) Suggestions for research methodology and practical work.
This study highlights the experiential process of directing psychodrama, and for both psychodrama researchers and practitioners, provides substantive insights into concrete operations within the psychodrama setting, which constitutes the contribution of this study. Since this article primarily focuses on the directing experience of novice directors when they become stuck, rather than presenting the entire directing process of a psychodrama, this represents a limitation of the study.