新冠疫情後期第一線護理人員離職現象感知之探討：以臺灣南部精神專科醫院為例

An Exploration of Perceived Turnover Among Frontline Nursing Staff in the later stage of COVID-19 pandemic: A Case Study of a Psychiatric Hospital in Southern Taiwan

主管領導風格會影響員工的工作滿意度，許多研究顯示員工的離職傾向與主管領導風格有關。新冠疫情帶來第一線醫療人員巨大的生理及心理壓力，因此本研究目的在分析新冠疫情後期，主管領導風格、心理賦權與員工離職現象感知之關聯。研究於2023年1月針對臺灣南部某精神專科醫院的護理與非護理人員進行問卷調查，共回收232份有效問卷，資料以卡方檢定（Chi-square test），獨立樣本t檢定進行分析及羅吉斯迴歸分析。本研究結果顯示，第一線護理人員的離職現象感知較非護理人員高，且離職現象感知與心理賦權呈負相關；意即賦權感越強，離職現象感知越低。此外，護理主管較常採取威權式領導風格，護理人員年資普遍較短，顯示其流動率較高。護理人員相較於非護理人員，感覺身邊離職同事是否較先前增加的勝算比（OR）為12.18倍。離職將對醫療體系造成實質與無形損失。儘管疫情趨緩，護理人員對身邊同事離職增加之感受仍較非護理人員明顯。研究結果可供政府及醫院未來應對新興傳染病、改善醫療環境的重要參考。

Supervisory leadership style influences employees’job satisfaction, and numerous studies have indicated that employees’turnover intention is associated with their supervisors’leadership style. The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed substantial physical and psychological stress on frontline healthcare workers. Therefore, this study examined the associations of supervisory leadership style and psychological empowerment with employees’perceived increase in colleague turnover. A questionnaire survey was conducted in January 2023 among nursing and non-nursing staff at a psychiatric specialty hospital in southern Taiwan, yielding 232 valid responses. The data were analyzed using Chi-square tests, independent samples t-tests and Logistic regression. Findings revealed that frontline nurses exhibited a higher perceived turnover compared to non-nursing personnel, and perceived turnover was negatively correlated with psychological empowerment—indicating that greater empowerment was associated with lower perceived turnover intent. Additionally, nursing supervisors were more likely to adopt authoritarian leadership styles, and nursing staff generally had shorter job tenure, suggesting a higher level of workforce instability. Compared with non-nursing personnel, nursing personnel had 12.18 times higher odds (OR = 12.18) of perceiving an increase in the number of colleagues resigning around them compared to previously. Nurse turnover was found to impose both tangible and intangible costs on the healthcare system. Notably, despite the waning of the pandemic, nursing staff still feel the increase in the number of colleagues leaving their jobs more significantly than non-nursing staff. These findings offer critical insights for government agencies and hospital administrators aiming to strengthen the healthcare environment and respond more effectively to future emerging infectious disease outbreaks.