世界革命、陣營分裂與戰略轉向：中國三線建設決策的驅動結構再審思（1962～1966）

20世紀60年代普遍被認為是世界各地政治和社會動盪的時代。在這樣的時代中，毛澤東的革命鬥爭理論作為20世紀60年代的世界性革命理論，在亞洲、拉丁美洲和非洲國家及西歐和北美的激進左翼知識分子中產生了廣泛的反響。20世紀60年代中期以後，毛澤東對中國國內和國際形勢的看法做出重大修正。他認為亞非拉地區是世界革命風暴的主要源泉，世界革命正在到來。在這樣的形勢下，他日益不滿於在國內按部就班地繼續調整國民經濟。國內矛盾交織與國外革命形勢大好，構成了1964年毛澤東做出三線建設決策的歷史起因。從更宏觀的視角看，三線建設在毛澤東的全局性戰略視野中，主要是服務於世界革命這一宏大藍圖，其重要性遠超越南戰爭或中蘇邊界問題。同時，世界革命的領導權，必須由一個在動態中持續純化的階級來掌握。因此，三線建設不僅是一場針對外部威脅的「國土備戰」，更是一場針對內部潛在危機的「政治備戰」與社會重構。最終，三線建設從最初備戰世界革命到後來預防黨內出修正主義指向的轉變，也預示著中國革命的激進化已不可避免。

The 1960s are widely considered a period of political and social upheaval worldwide. In this era, Mao Zedong's theory of revolutionary struggle, as a global revolutionary theory of the 1960s, resonated widely among radical leftwing intellectuals in Asia, Latin America, Africa, Western Europe, and North America. From the mid-1960s onward, Mao Zedong significantly revised his views on the domestic and international situation in China. He believed that Asia, Africa, and Latin America were the main sources of the world revolutionary storm, and that a world revolution was on the horizon. Under these circumstances, he became increasingly dissatisfied with continuing the step-by-step adjustment of the national economy domestically. The intertwined domestic contradictions and the favorable international revolutionary situation constituted the historical cause of Mao Zedong's decision to establish the Third Front in 1964. From a broader perspective, in Mao Zedong's overall strategic vision, the Third Front construction primarily served the grand blueprint of world revolution, its importance far exceeding that of the Vietnam War or the Sino-Soviet border issue. Simultaneously, the leadership of the world revolution must be held by a class that is constantly being purified in a dynamic process. Therefore, the Third Front construction was not only a 'national defense' against external threats, but also a 'political defense' and social reconstruction against potential internal crises. Ultimately, the shift in the Third Front construction from initially preparing for world revolution to later preventing revisionist tendencies within the Party foreshadowed the inevitable radicalization of the Chinese revolution.