馬賽爾．普魯斯特《追憶似水年華》中的愛情與貴族敘事神話

Love and Aristocratic Narrative Mythology in Marcel Proust’s In Search of Lost Time

本文探討普魯斯特《追憶似水年華》中的「敘事神話」特質，探討主人翁馬賽爾以及情感上具有前輩關係的斯萬，在「愛情」與「友情」追尋上被神話謊言所蒙蔽的相似遭遇。本文討論聚焦在此主題的第一、三、五冊，也就是〈斯萬之戀〉（第一冊《在斯萬家那邊》後半之篇章）、《蓋爾芒特家那邊》（第三冊）、《女囚》（第五冊）。主軸分為「物」與「話」，探討「人為神話」將謊言以具有任意性的神話方式強加給物品；而物品本身透過物理性質如線條、色彩、氣味、口味，傳達客觀的「訊息」，形成物品的話語─「物語」，反過來凸顯並揭穿神話裡的謊言。《追憶似水年華》中，神話在關鍵場合總是操縱著情感。馬賽爾和斯萬即受愛情與友情謊言所苦，在三部書中被「情感神話」所玩弄。本文透過物品客觀特性和人為神話的謊言特質，以及物品如何承載又破解神話，呈現《追憶似水年華》中情感的神話本質。

This article explores“narrative mythology”in Marcel Proust’s In Search of Lost Time, mainly discussing on the three volumes that focus on this theme:“The Captive,”“Swann’s Way,”and“The Guermantes Way.”The article analyzes the interplay of“objects”and“discourse.”In In Search of Lost Time,“artificial myths”created by human discourse are imposed on objects in an arbitrary mythical way; and the objects themselves convey through physical properties such as lines, colors, smells, and tastes their objective physical messages, which in turn highlights and breaks the man-made myths. In In Search of Lost Time,“myth”always controls emotions on key occasions. The study centers on the narrator Marcel and his analogue, Swann, both manipulated by“emotional myths”in love and friendship. It reveals how objects carry and unravel myths, exposing the protagonists’emotional pursuits—an exploration of the elusive essence of mythology in Proust’s work.