比較長期從事阻力與有氧訓練男性雙臂血壓差、動脈硬度與心臟交感神經指標之差異

Comparison of intra-arm blood pressure difference, arterial stiffness, and cardiac sympathetic activity in long-term resistance- or endurance-trained men

緒論：比較長期規律進行單純阻力訓練與有氧訓練的年輕男性，在雙臂血壓差、全身動脈硬度、心臟交感神經活性的生理差異，並探討免疫指標調節有氧適能與動脈硬度關係之中介效果。方法：研究採橫斷性設計，共招募76位健康年輕男性，至少具一年以上運動訓練經驗，並依據運動習慣分為規律阻力訓練組（年齡= 23.3±3.6歲，n = 36），每週至少進行2天中等至高強度阻力訓練，與規律有氧訓練組（年齡= 23.8±5.2歲，n =40），每週至少進行150分鐘中等強度有氧運動。受試者於空腹狀態進行血液檢測，至少間隔一天後進行血管功能測量，使用非侵入性血管監測儀評估雙臂血壓差、肱踝脈波傳導速度及心臟收縮時間間隔指標。另以漸增式腳踏車測驗獲得攝氧峰值作為有氧適能指標。以獨立樣本t檢定比較兩組心血管與血液生化免疫相關指標差異，並進一步透過HayesPROCESS巨集（Model1）進行調節分析，探討免疫炎症指標在攝氧峰值與肱踝脈波傳導速度之關係，是否具調節作用，α= 0.05；p < .05視為達顯著水準。結果：阻力訓練組之收縮壓、平均動脈壓、脈壓及雙臂收縮壓差顯著高於有氧訓練組；雙臂收縮壓差≥10mmHg的比率（28%），明顯高於有氧訓練組（8%）。在免疫指標方面，阻力訓練組之嗜中性白血球與淋巴球比值（NLR）與攝氧峰值呈顯著負相關（r = - .39，p = .02），調節分析進一步顯示NLR在攝氧峰值與肱踝脈波傳導速度關聯中具有顯著調節作用。結論：單一不同運動型態與心血管功能、整合性免疫發炎指標之間存在差異與關聯。相較於有氧訓練者，阻力訓練者雙臂血壓差與交感活性較高，但若具備良好有氧能力，仍可維持較佳血管彈性，顯示有氧運動於進行中高強度阻力訓練時的重要性。

Introduction: This study compared young men who had regularly engaged in either exclusive resistance training or exclusive endurance training regarding inter-arm blood pressure difference (IAD), systemic arterial stiffness, and cardiac sympathetic activity. It further examined whether immune-inflammatory markers moderated the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and arterial stiffness. Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed. Seventy-six healthy young men with at least one year of training experience were recruited and classified according to their selfreported habitual training mode: a resistance training group (RT: age = 23.3±3.6 years, n = 36), performing at least two sessions of moderate-to-high intensity resistance training per week, and an endurance training group (ET: age = 23.8±5.2 years, n = 40), performing at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise per week. Participants underwent fasting blood sampling, followed on a separate day by vascular assessments using a noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring system to measure IAD, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), and systolic time intervals (STI). Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed via a graded cycling test to determine peak oxygen uptake (VO₂peak). Independent-samples t tests were used to examine group differences in cardiovascular and hematological indices. Moderation analysis with Hayes’PROCESS macro (Model 1) was conducted to test whether immune-inflammatory markers moderated the association between VO₂peak and baPWV. Statistical significance was set atα= 0.05; p < .05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The RT group demonstrated significantly higher systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, and IAD compared with the ET group. The prevalence of IAD≥10mmHg was notably higher in the RT group (28%) than in the ET group (8%). In the RT group, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was negatively correlated with VO₂peak (r = - .39, p = .02). Moderation analysis further revealed that NLR significantly moderated the association between VO₂peak and baPWV. Conclusion: Distinct differences and associations were observed between training mode, cardiovascular function, and integrated immune-inflammatory indices. Compared with endurance-trained men, resistance-trained men exhibited higher IAD and greater cardiac sympathetic activity. However, individuals with higher cardiorespiratory fitness demonstrated better arterial elasticity, underscoring the importance of maintaining aerobic exercise even among those engaged in regular resistance training.