解放軍攻臺之兩棲登陸作戰能力分析

Analysis of the PLA’s Amphibious Landing Capabilities for a Taiwan Invasion

隨著戰略重心逐漸強調海洋，為維護自身國家利益，中國重視海軍的建設與發展，全面推動現代化建設，從「近岸防禦」、「近海防禦」轉為「近海防禦、遠海護衛」。為保障領土完整與捍衛主權等核心利益，中國極力發展兩棲登陸作戰能力，並在軍事演習中，逐漸提升兩棲登陸作戰的規模與次數。本文研究發現中國海軍依靠強大的造艦能力與「軍民融合」策略，已成為全球規模最大的艦隊之一。其造船產能為美國的232倍，戰略重心亦從「近海防禦」轉向「遠海防衛」，推動由近海力量邁向區域性海權國家。相較之下，美國面臨造艦延宕與人力短缺等問題，導致海上力量出現結構性劣勢。在兩棲登陸作戰上，中共積極發展071型、075型與076型兩棲艦艇以及相關兩棲登陸載具，藉此強化對臺作戰投送能力。中國透過造艦與兩棲戰力的快速擴張，正強化海上軍事存在，對臺灣安全與區域穩定構成重大挑戰。

As China’s strategic focus shifts from land to maritime domains, it emphasizes the development and expansion of its navy to safeguard national security, economic interests, and overseas assets. The naval strategy has transitioned from“nearshore defense”and“offshore defense”to“offshore defense and distant-sea escort,”comprehensively promoting the modernization of the navy. To protect its core interests, including national sovereignty and territorial integrity, China has been vigorously developing amphibious assault capabilities, gradually expanding the scale and frequency of amphibious exercises and live training operations.
Research indicates that, relying on domestic shipbuilding capacity and the“Military-Civil Fusion”strategy, China has owned one of the largest fleets on earth. China’s shipbuilding output is 232 times greater than that of the U.S. Its strategic focus has shifted from“offshore defense”toward“distant-sea defense,”advancing from a nearshore force to a regional maritime power. In contrast, the U.S. faces shipbuilding delays and labor shortages, resulting in a structural disadvantage in maritime power. Regarding amphibious operations, China is actively developing Types 071, 075, and 076 amphibious vessels, along with associated amphibious landing vehicles, thereby enhancing its operational projection capabilities against Taiwan. Through rapid expansion of shipbuilding and amphibious capabilities, China is strengthening its maritime military presence, posing a significant challenge to Taiwan’s security and regional stability.