論委員長會議的制度角色

加強委員長會議研究是深入認知人大制度的必然要求。1982年憲法第68條創造性地規定委員長會議處理全國人大常委會的重要日常工作，這是改革和完善全國人大常委會的一項重要舉措，常委會的各項工作藉此真正實現了經常化。根據《立法法》《監督法》等法律，委員長會議的制度角色愈來愈重，左右著常委會立法權、決定權、任免權和監督權的行使。“憲定”與“法定”之間的規範張力致使實踐中的委員長會議表現出明顯的角色張力：它在處理常委會重要日常工作的同時，漸漸成長為其核心決策機構。中國式代表制的代表規模特徵對人大運行效能具有決定性影響，委員長會議的制度角色主要取決於人大運行效能的實踐需要。防止人大運行效能過低對中國式代表製造成顛覆性破壞，此乃委員長會議制度角色嬗變的根本原因。

Strengthening research on the Chairman's Meeting is an inevitable requirement for a deeper understanding of the people's congress system. Article 68 of the 1982 Constitution creatively stipulates that the Chairman's Meeting handles the important daily work of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. This constitutes an important measure for reforming and improving the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, by means of which the various work of the Standing Committee has truly achieved regularization. According to laws such as the Legislation Law and the Supervision Law, the institutional role of the Chairman's Meeting has become increasingly significant, influencing the exercise of the Standing Committee's legislative power, decision-making power, appointment and removal power, and supervisory power. The normative tension between what is constitutionally determined and what is statutorily determined has caused the Chairman's Meeting in practice to exhibit an evident role tension: while handling the important daily work of the Standing Committee, it has gradually developed into its core decision-making body. The representative-scale characteristics of the Chinese- style representative system exert a decisive influence on the operational efficiency of the National People's Congress, and the institutional role of the Chairman's Meeting mainly depends on the practical needs of the operational efficiency of the National People's Congress. Preventing excessively low operational efficiency of the National People's Congress from causing disruptive damage to the Chinese-style representative system constitutes the fundamental reason for the transformation of the institutional role of the Chairman's Meeting.