網絡交易平臺經營者的商標侵權責任

網絡交易平臺經營者，具有民法上網絡服務提供者的一般身份，但其主體形態、主體注意義務和主體責任構成有著自己的特點。平臺經營者的商標侵權責任，是“為商標侵權行為提供便利條件”的間接責任。網絡商標侵權責任的法律問題，主要涉及間接侵權的共同侵權屬性，間接侵權與直接侵權的關係，間接侵權責任認定中的“技術中立原則”以及間接侵權的連帶責任後果等，其適用規範是《民法典》“侵權責任編”、《商標法》及其《實施條例》。在基本法與專門法規定不盡一致的情況下，諸多案件判決表現了有差異的裁判立場，主要圍繞故意要件還是過錯要件、概括知曉還是具體知曉、行為標準還是結果標準來展開。為加強平臺交易秩序治理和商標法律功能目標實現，未來法律構造和司法裁判規則，應在過錯要件重塑、侵權行為類分、注意義務規則強化等方面加以修訂和完善。

Online transaction platform operators possess the general identity of internet service provider under civil law, but their entity form, duty of care, and liability structure have their own characteristics. The trademark infringement liability of platform operators is an indirect liability for“providing facilitating conditions for trademark infringement.”The legal issues concerning online trademark infringement liability mainly involve the joint infringement nature of indirect infringement, the relationship between indirect infringement and direct infringement, the“principle of technological neutrality”in the determination of indirect infringement liability, as well as the joint and several liability consequences of indirect infringement, and the applicable norms are the Tort Liability Book of the Civil Code, the Trademark Law, and its Implementing Regulations. Under circumstances in which the provisions of the basic law and the special law are not entirely consistent, many case judgments display divergent adjudicative positions, mainly revolving around whether the requirement should be intent or fault, whether knowledge should be general knowledge or specific knowledge, and whether the standard should be conduct-based or result-based. In order to strengthen governance of platform transaction order and realize the functional objectives of trademark law, future legal construction and judicial adjudication rules should be revised and improved in terms of reshaping fault requirements, classifying types of infringing acts, and strengthening rules concerning duties of care.