自治規則概念之商榷

A Critical Review of the Concept of Self-government Regulations

自治規章所指涉的是一種法規範的類型，但地制法第25條卻將地方自治規章裂解為所謂的「自治條例」跟「自治規則」兩個類型。地方制度法此一獨創，是否符合憲法？是否符合地方自治的法理？值得探討！
本文由憲法規定、制定機關、地方自治團體內部組織、權源、制定程序、以及名稱等六個角度，檢討「自治規則」之概念，並論證「自治規則」的概念蘊含諸多謬誤，不但牴觸憲法，也違反自治法理。
本文認為，地制法所謂之「自治規則」，性質上就是「行政規則」，而非自治規章。而行政規則，參照行政程序法第159條之規定，地方行政機關本來即得本於職權制定，從而，亦無須特別定名為「自治規則」。特別創作個新名詞「自治規則」，只是巧立名目，徒然紊亂法規體系。

Bylaws refer to a type of legal regulation, but Article 25 of the Local Government Act splits local bylaws into two types, the so-called ''self-government ordinances'' and ''self-government regulations''. Is this unique institution of the Local Government Act consistent with the constitution? Is it consistent with the legal principles of local self-government?
This article examines the concept of ''self-government regulations'' from six perspectives: constitutional provisions, enacting agencies, internal organizations of local self-governing body, sources of authority, enactment procedures, and name, and demonstrates that the concept of ''self-government regulations'' contains many fallacies. It violates the constitution and the legal principles of autonomy.
This article believes that the so-called ''self-government regulations'' in the Local Government Act are essentially ''administrative rules'' rather than bylaws. As for administrative rules, referring to the provisions of Article 159 of the Administrative Procedure Act, the local administrative agencies can already formulate them by virtue of their powers, so there is no need to name them ''self-government regulations''. The specially coined new term ''self-government regulations'' just disrupts the legal system.