與檄參伍：論檄文在漢魏六朝的文體互滲

Interwoven with Xi: A Study on the Genre Interpenetration of Xi in the Han, Wei, and Six Dynasties Periods

檄屬軍事文書的一種，作為傳遞訊息的媒介由來已久。然檄之成體，始於六朝，彼時傳遞訊息、威嚇敵人的文體職能成熟，並書寫者多為當朝大手筆，富有文學色彩。六朝時文體尚處形塑階段，在演變過程中，檄與其他文體互滲，導致整體發展走向不同道路。文體職能因此產生變化，可能漸次擴大包容，亦可能走向更為專一之用而呈現新貌，譬如移檄即與原檄之為體相形複雜。換言之檄作為中介文體，能與其發生互滲的文體，必含括類似性質而不可隨意抽換，在保留核心意義的前提下與他體產生互滲。意即最後雖以不同樣態呈現，但無論後續開展如何，但都具有部分原本功能，即昭示互參過後之新文體乃檄之相關文體群體，並此也正為關鍵所在。
本文首先探討在文學批評視野之下，《文心雕龍》、《文選》、《文章緣起》選錄檄文之背後意義，復以史書中所記檄文檢閱當時書寫情況，還原當時文體施用情境，以上討論焦點為檄體本身。至於以下探討檄體使用與文體互滲狀況，從此一角度重新審視檄體於魏晉時期的文體發展情形，並試圖區辨文體互滲發生的原因與過程，展示檄體發展軌跡與新變。最後立基於以上所有，意在指出檄文體發展史中之價值與意義。

Xi is a type of military document, historically used as a medium for transmitting messages. However, it became a fully developed genre during the Six Dynasties, when its function of conveying messages and intimidating enemies matured. The authors of these texts were often prominent figures of the time, lending a literary quality to the writing. During the Six Dynasties, literary genres were still in a formative stage, and as they evolved, Xi began to interpenetrate with other genres, leading to divergent paths of development. This genre evolution resulted in changes in function: it could either gradually expand in scope or evolve into a more specialized form, presenting new features. For example,“Yi-Xi”(a combination of Yi and Xi genres) became more complex than the original Xi. In other words, Xi, as an intermediary genre, could only interpenetrate with genres of a similar nature, without arbitrary substitution, maintaining its core meaning while blending with other genres. This means that even when the new forms manifested differently, they retained part of the original function. This indicates that the new genres born from this interpenetration still belonged to the broader Xi-related genre family, which is the key issue here.
This paper first explores, from the perspective of literary criticism, the significance behind the selection of Xi texts in Wenxin Diaolong, Wenxuan, and Wenzhang Yuanqi. It then examines the historical use of Xi in official records to reconstruct the context in which these genres were employed, focusing on the Xi genre itself. Next, it addresses the interaction between Xi and other genres, re-examining the development of Xi during the Wei-Jin period and attempting to distinguish the causes and processes of genre interpenetration. By doing so, it reveals the evolution and innovations within the Xi genre, linking the hidden commonalities between the interpenetrating genres, and highlighting the pivotal role of these connections. Finally, based on the above discussion, the paper aims to illuminate the value and significance of Xi in the history of genre development.