劉宋前期諸王幕府文學中的「古」──擬作．建安．軍旅

The Concept of the“Ancient”in the Literature of Early Liu-Song Dynasty Imperial Princes: Imitation, Jian’an, and Military Life

劉宋時期的宗室子弟往往年輕時便出鎮軍事要塞，其府中僚屬不乏著名詩人。本論文所討論的便是諸王與幕府文士所作的擬古詩。劉宋元嘉時期（424-453）的擬作以軍旅題材為多，而不管是表現遠征的勞苦，還是頌揚軍隊的武勇，元嘉詩人都選擇了向「建安」看齊。「建安」不僅為軍旅詩提供了範式，以曹丕（187-226）、曹植（192-232）為中心的建安詩人的交遊，也成為了元嘉時期諸王幕府文人集團的理想原型。元嘉詩人的擬古詩創作既不止於對詩句、詩風的蹈襲，也不單是立於前人作品之上的修辭行為，而更是在構建一種理想中的「古」，理想中的「建安」。可以說，劉宋詩人構建了名為「建安」的共識，托古懷今，將引起共鳴的想像之「古」用做了一種抒發「今」情的方法。

The princes of the Liu-Song劉宋dynasty were stationed at key garrisons in the war with the Northern Wei and their courtiers included many renowned poets. The focus of this article is on the nigu shi擬古詩(imitations of ancient poems) composed by these princes and their courtiers. Many of the imitative poems from the Yuanjia元嘉era (424–453) of the Liu-Song dynasty centered on military themes. Whether describing the hardships of distant expeditions or praising the military prowess of the army, Yuanjia poets modeled their writings on the literature of the Jian’an建安era. The“Jian’an”did not just serve as a model for wartime poetry; the banquets and poetic compositions of the Jian’an poets, led by Cao Pi曹丕(187–226) and Cao Zhi曹植(192–232), also became an ideal prototype for the friendship between Yuanjia princes and bureaucrats. For the poets of the Yuanjia era, composing nigu shi was not merely an act of adopting old poetic language as a rhetorical flourish, or attempting to outdo the works of the ancients; it was also an act of romanticizing a kind of ideal“ancient/Jian’an”era. The poets of the Liu-Song dynasty concocted their fictional“Jian’an”era for the purpose of common understanding, and they used this relatable, imagined“antiquity”as a means of expressing contemporary sentiments.