《文心雕龍》詩史分析

An Analysis of the History of Poetry in Wenxin Diaolong

劉勰（c. 465-c. 521）《文心雕龍》對文學史之觀法，因本於經學傳統，使其別於一般文學史論述，更突顯背後規律之存在與影響。為此，《文心》五度重述文學史，俾能無所缺漏和失焦。而詩因制作強度最高、主體程度最大，其歷史在《文心》文學史中特具標誌意義，它將是文學制作之可能性與其極限之展示。本文由《文心》文學史中繫諸作品制作的前三面向：〈原道〉所述文學本源，文體論〈明詩〉所列詩詠個體化後之歷史向度，〈通變〉對文學現象常變規律之考察，勾稽《文心》詩史，嘗試分析其義。

Liu Xie’s劉勰(c. 465–c. 521) approach to literary history in Wenxin diaolong文心雕龍is rooted in the tradition of the Classics, thus distinguishing it from the history of literature in general. In particular, Liu highlighted the existence and influence of underlying laws in literary history, and he reiterated this history five times in the text to ensure that there were no omissions or misalignments. Due to the great degree of subjectivity and high intensity involved in its craftsmanship, poetry holds a significant place in Liu’s analysis, which reveals how the history of poetry manifested the possibilities as well as the limits of literary creation. This article outlines the first three aspects of the laws underlying literary creation in the Wenxin diaolong’s literary history: 1. the origin of literature (“The Original Meaning of Tao”Yuandao原道); 2. the historical dimension of individualized poetry (“An Explanation of Poetry”Mingshi明詩); and 3. the examination of laws governing constant and changing phenomena in literature (“Tradition and Change”Tongbian通變). The article thus provides a perspective for tracing and analyzing the significance of the history of poetry in the Wenxin diaolong.