平台經濟與數位監控：金雅瑛作品中的科技與勞動問題及演算法治理

Platform Economy and Digital Surveillance: Technology, Labor, and Algorithmic Governance in the Works of Ayoung Kim

本研究探討韓國藝術家金雅瑛（Ayoung Kim，1979–）於2022年時以名為「外送舞者」（Delivery Dancer）的虛構外送平台為主題所創作的系列作品，她透過虛構敘事、錄像、遊戲模擬等創作手法，探討數位科技對人及身體感知的影響。外送平台旗下的外送員在勞動過程中受到平台掌控，並接收平台的各種指令，然而外送員要達成平台期望有其困難之處，金雅瑛在作品中關注平台經濟（platform economy）與零工經濟（gig economy）等問題。外送平台追求最快移動路徑與最短送達時間，以提高效率與獲取經濟利益，外送員的表現被評分並被轉換成數據資料。身體在此被「資料化」，進而又被「資本化」，而平台的各種指引也可能對勞動者產生壓迫。在作品中金雅瑛虛構了一個賽博龐克科技未來主義的首爾（cyberpunk techno-futuristic Seoul），本研究對其作品進行形式分析並探討虛構場景中的美學意義，同時也對作品中遊戲介面出現的故障藝術（glitch art）特質進行探討。外送平台的零工經濟看似可自由接單，然而要獲取經濟利益，便必須服從平台要求，無形中受到平台制約。數據資料成為平台資本主義（platform capitalism）與監控資本主義（surveillance capitalism）的重要原料，本研究以此觀點來進行探討，思索數位科技對人類身體的影響，並反思平台與人工智慧如何進行演算法治理（algorithmic governance），探討其中隱含的風險及問題，也思考人類在此狀態下能否有相應的自主性與能動性（agency）。

This study examines a series of works created in 2022 by the South Korean artist Ayoung Kim (1979–), centered on a fictional delivery platform called Delivery Dancer. Through fictional narrative, video, and game simulation, Kim investigates the impact of digital technologies on human experience and embodied perception. Within the platform, delivery workers operate under the platform’s control during the labor process, continuously receiving instructions. However, fulfilling the platform’s expectations presents inherent difficulties, which Kim addresses through her exploration of issues in the platform economy and the gig economy. The delivery platform prioritizes the fastest routes and the shortest delivery times to maximize efficiency and profit. Workers’performances are evaluated, quantified, and transformed into data. In this context, the body undergoes datafication and subsequent capitalization, while the platform’s operational logic may impose pressure and constraints on laborers. In her works, Kim constructs a cyberpunk techno-futuristic Seoul, which serves as the narrative setting. This study conducts a formal analysis of Kim’s works, examining the aesthetic significance of the fictional city while also addressing glitch art features within the game interface of a particular work. Although gig work on delivery platforms appears to offer flexibility in taking orders, economic gain ultimately requires compliance with platform demands, resulting in implicit forms of control. Data thus becomes a key resource within both platform capitalism and surveillance capitalism. From this perspective, the study reflects on the impact of digital technologies on the human body and critically considers how platforms and artificial intelligence enact algorithmic governance. It further explores the risks and issues embedded in these systems, while questioning whether human subjects can retain autonomy and agency under such conditions.