基本收入與生命歷程：福利國家收入與時間分配體制的重構

Basic Income and Contemporary Welfare State Reform: A Life Course Perspective

隨著勞動市場轉型以及人口與家庭結構變遷，關於收入與時間雙重貧窮的生命歷程困境與需要，成為當前福利國家改革的重大課題與挑戰。透過生命歷程觀點的研究取徑與制度分析，並引入無條件基本收入相互對話，本文從「收入重分配」到「時間重分配」的理論與制度邏輯關係建立，提供一個理解現代人生命歷程時間赤字問題的新視角。基本收入的「無條件性」，讓生命歷程的時間自主得以從就業解放，除了開啟有意義的工作和職業選擇，更讓人有更充裕的時間，留給個人和家庭、社區和公共參與等諸多讓人生更為完整的全人生活。藉由生命歷程觀點之社會構成性個人自由所引導的對既有基本收入理論過度傾向個人主義的修正，不僅深化基本收入與生命歷程之間的理論關係，更藉由「收入自主」到「時間自主」所能孕育培植的活躍社會關係發展，為福利國家跨越社會集體保障與市場個人自由的兩難帶來另一出路。經由對既有收入－時間體制的批判分析，映照出基本收入理念作為當代生命歷程制度改革的創新思考，及其「無條件性」對修正收入與時間不平等共構的制度意義。

With the changes in the labor market, population and family structure, modern welfare state faced with the dual challenges of“income poverty”and“time poverty”. This paper explores how the Unconditional Basic Income (UBI) can solve these problems, and proposes a new perspective from“income redistribution”to“time redistribution”to address the time deficit problem in modern society.
UBI not only provides financial security for people, but also offers more time autonomy so that people can choose to do what they like, and to devote themselves to family, community and public affairs, thus making life more meaningful. Through a life course perspective, this paper revises the individualistic aspects of basic income theory, emphasizing the role of social relationships and mutual support. UBI extends“income autonomy”to“time autonomy”, creating a system that better meets the needs of modern people and realize both social protection and individual freedom.
Overall, UBI provides a new way of thinking about how to solve the problem of income and time inequality, and promotes the real freedom and self-realization for all.