托嬰中心之托育關係與一歲嬰兒自主活動投入之研究

A Study on the Relationships with Caregivers and Toddlers' Free Play Activities Involvement

本研究旨在瞭解一歲嬰兒在托嬰中心自主活動時段的活動投入程度，及不同投入程度嬰兒的托育關係。研究選擇個人氣質條件、家庭社經背景、班級規模及照顧者學歷相仿的四位一歲嬰兒為對象，運用學步兒活動投入量表（LIS-T）瞭解目標嬰兒在四個不同時間點自主活動的活動投入得分變化，同時以持續三個月的觀察瞭解托育關係。研究發現，目標嬰兒在四次不同時間點的計分中，平均得分為3.94（5點量表），為中等投入的表現。觀察分析發現，高度活動投入的嬰兒，在自主活動時段的主導性高、獨立完成例行活動的機會多，且托育人員敏感回應的托育關係形塑嬰兒被接納、被瞭解的安全感受；中度活動投入的嬰兒，各類活動托育人員介入、主導成分高，且托育人員回應未必切中嬰兒需求，會出現情緒性的言詞及動作制止嬰兒不合宜行為。最後，依據研究結果，提出托嬰實務的建議。

This study aimed to understand toddlers’involvement in free play and day care relationships in centers. Four toddlers with similar temperament, family SES, group size and caregivers’academic qualifications were chosen. Observations were made to understand toddlers’day care relationships. The Leuven Involvement Scale for Toddlers (LIS-T) was applied to understand toddlers’involvement in free play. The results showed that the average by LIS-T was 3.94 out of 5. The observations found toddlers showed higher involvement were more self-directed in free play and more engaged in daily routines, and they were more accepted by and known to the sensitive responsive caregivers, and more secured when interacting with the caregivers. Toddlers showed middle involvement were intervened and directed more, caregivers response not necessarily meets toddlers’needs, and caregivers appeared emotional words and actions with toddlers’inappropriate behavior sometimes. Suggestions were made based upon the research findings.