調適而上遂與落入以化世──從《世說》「佛圖澄與諸石遊」的理解爭議談起

Ascending by Adjustment and Falling into the Earthly Abyss: An Investigation Based on the Interpretive Disputes of“Fotucheng and Zhushi’s Travel”in Shishuo

魏晉是佛教東漸以來的其中一個「關鍵時刻」，玄、佛交涉使中國文化傳統中「方內」與「方外」的範疇益顯複雜，本文以〈言語〉第45則「佛圖澄與諸石遊」作為微觀之案例，嘗試從歷來注解的分歧與爭議中，進行一種反思性的研究。
針對此則的關鍵詞──「遊」、支道林援引「海鷗鳥」之典故，筆者從「機心與忘機──佛圖澄的深心」與「支道林的睿智或深刻」兩個面向予以深究，發現此典故不論緣自於《列子》或《莊子》，在當代新道家的洗禮下，都有與時俱進及發人深省的學術潛力。本文進一步藉由對照《晉書》，彰顯《高僧傳》的宣教立場，並透過佛圖澄與石氏的關係書寫予以重新凝視，試圖為這一類型的人物尋繹更為完整與貼切的定位，綜而勾勒出佛圖澄綰合「調適而上遂」之修行與「落入以化世」之悲願的生命圖像。
筆者期待標舉這兩個動態發展的對照系，得以融攝儒釋道的思想寬頻，連結傳統與現代，進而化身為勇於承擔應人化物的行動召喚，以積極回應當代處境。

The Wei-Jin Dynasties period was a“critical period”for Buddhism in China, where the interaction between Metaphysics and Buddhism complexfied cultural boundaries. Focusing on the Shishuo Xinyu entry“Fotucheng and Zhushu’s Travel”, this article elucidates the story through historical materials and reflexive investigation.
Key to this study is the concept of you (travel) and the“Seagulls”allusion cited by Zhi Daolin. By addressing jixin (calculating mind) and wangji (forgetting schemes), the author evaluates Fotucheng’s spiritual depth and Zhi Daolin’s profundity. Contrasting the Book of Jin with the Biographies of Eminent Monks, the research highlights Fotucheng’s missionary stance and his relationship with the Shi clan. It aims to offer a comprehensive account of Fotucheng by combining the practice of diaoshi er shangsui (adjusting and ascending) with the compassionate wish luoru yi hua shi (falling into the world to transform it) ultimately integrating Confucian, Buddhist, and Taoist perspectives to respond to contemporary situations.