觀察勒戒與強制戒治處遇制度之檢討與反思──以美國與德國立法例為對照

Review and Reflection of the Compulsory Abstention and Rehabilitation Treatment System−Focusing on the Legislation of the United States and Germany

觀察勒戒與強制戒治制度為我國毒品處遇制度上重要的一環，然而在因為採取監禁，以及缺乏良好的評估分流機制、彈性的處遇計畫、專業的戒治課程、充足的人力資源與長期的追蹤輔導機制，導致效果有限，對於涉於制度之中的各方人員造成嚴重的負擔。為探究何以觀察勒戒與強制戒治制度成為如今的樣貌，本文分別爬梳了觀察勒戒、強制戒治制度的發展脈絡與執行現況，並通過爬梳的歷程，嘗試更進一步指出導致當前制度困境的原因，在於支撐制度的根本性思維邏輯並未正視施用毒品或成癮作為一種「疾病」的性質，仍然將其視為一種須被導正、消除的「犯罪」惡行，導致處遇制度與其對象間始終維持著對立的緊張關係。通過理解制度的深層運作邏輯，本文得以指出要改善制度現況的困境，需要根本性的改變制度之中存在的對抗關係。爰此本文概述了美、德兩國的毒品處遇制度，通過爬梳與我國制度相去甚遠的制度實踐，理解此二國家在毒品處遇制度設計背後的深層思考，並為我國制度的變革提供思考的立基。

The compulsory abstention and compulsory rehabilitation systems are integral components of Taiwan’s drug treatment framework. However, their implementation has been hindered by the absence of a robust assessment and stratification mechanism, flexible treatment plans, professional rehabilitation programs, sufficient human resources, and a long-term follow-up support system. As a result, not only has their effectiveness remained limited, but they have also placed a significant burden on all stakeholders involved in the system.
To understand how the compulsory abstention and compulsory rehabilitation systems have evolved into their current state, this study examines their historical development and operational status. Through this analysis, it identifies a fundamental issue underlying the current challenges: the prevailing logic that underpins these systems fails to recognize drug use or addiction as a“disease”and instead continues to perceive them as criminal behaviors that must be corrected or eradicated. This perspective has led to a persistent tension and adversarial relationship between the treatment system and its participants.
By analyzing the deeper operational logic of the system, this study highlights that overcoming the existing challenges requires a fundamental shift in the confrontational nature embedded within the current framework. Accordingly, this study reviews drug treatment systems in the United States and Germany, examining their significantly different approaches to understanding and addressing drug use. By exploring these contrasting systems, the study seeks to provide a foundation for rethinking and reforming Taiwan’s drug treatment policies.