五四之後：張聞天〈旅途〉之青春、生命與暴雨狂飆

After May Fourth: Youth, Life and Storm in Zhang Wentian’s“Journey”

以往學界對張聞天關注較少，研究轉向之後，本文嘗試發掘張聞天〈旅途〉的文學史意義，側重議題是「革命加戀愛」先聲。本文認為1924年完稿的〈旅途〉尚未經歷1927年的歷史事件，歷史語境截然不同，除了作為下一段歷史潮流的先聲，作品的「當下」意義同樣重要。本文提出另一段時間座標，即以「五四之後」視角更進一步理解作品。本文關注範圍，以1919年五四運動至1925年五卅事件為限。指出〈旅途〉個人青春與國族命運的聯繫，來自晚清、五四以來的「少年中國」想像，個人生命重振，繼而革命戰爭的過程，則參雜多重思想資源，包括左翼革命、柏格森生命哲學、歌德《少年維特的煩惱》及狂飆突進時代的理解。本文著眼的是如何從一部小說，讀出其背後複雜的時代思潮。

Scholarly attention to Zhang Wentian has long been limited. In light of recent shifts in research orientation, this article seeks to explore the literary-historical significance of Zhang Wentian’s novel“Journey,”focusing in particular on its role as an early precursor to the theme of“revolution plus love.”Completed in 1924,“Journey”predates the historical events of 1927 and thus belongs to a markedly different historical context. While it may be read as anticipating a subsequent historical trend, the work’s significance within its own contemporary moment is equally important. This article therefore proposes another temporal frame, approaching the work from the perspective of the post-May Fourth period. The discussion focuses on the years from the May Fourth Movement of 1919 to the May Thirtieth Movement of 1925. It argues that the connection the story draws between youthful individuality and the fate of the nation derives from the imagination of“Young China”that emerged in the late Qing and continued through the May Fourth era. The revival of individual life, and the subsequent movement toward revolutionary struggle, draws on multiple intellectual sources, including leftist revolutionary thought, Bergson’s philosophy of life, Goethe’s The Sorrows of Young Werther, and the interpretation of an age of“Storm and Stress.”The article ultimately examines how a single novel can reveal the complex constellation of intellectual currents underlying its historical moment.