挑戰極限的登山敘事與心理——從栗城史多的自媒體現象到夢枕獏《眾神的山嶺》的虛構與真實

The Mountaineering Narrative and Psychology of Extreme Challenge: A Case Study From Kuriki Nobukazu's self-media phenomenon to the fiction and reality of ''Mountain of the Gods'' by Yumemakura Baku

本文旨在探討日本登山家網紅栗城史多對「單獨無氧攀登聖母峰」的嚮往，並在自媒體時代透過「共享冒險」（Sharing the Dream）過程所呈現的理解、被理解面向的極端現象敘事，並對照以小說文類遊走在虛構與真實之間的敘事特質，分析栗城史多在當代網路敘事現象的爭議。之所以選擇《眾神的山嶺》，主要原因在於小說敘事提出近代至當代登山運動興起與發展過程的兩次黃金時期的歷史視野，以及「單獨無氧攀登聖母峰」之於登山運動挑戰極限精神的鏡像式敘事架構。觀察栗城史多在自媒體時代分享冒險遊走正向效應與消遣資訊的矛盾，再對照小說家認真探問人類對於登山挑戰心理的一種時代精神的「最後句點」，會發現登山運動中挑戰自我與自然的極限心理追求，隨著現代設備資源與登山訓練知識不斷提升，「聖母峰」不再是天才登山家才能涉足的夢想領域，「栗城」的崛起雖未能創造典範轉移的個案，但他的故事也帶來一些來自當代世俗力量的正向啟發：暫先延宕商業型登山行為所造成的全球問題，「面對聖母峰」凡人仍有可以用來激勵自己、連結自然，啟動自己的生命高山敘事。

This study aims to analyze the narrative of Kurijo Shido's phenomena including his “Mount Everest climbing alone without oxygen”, the keen arguments about from his ''Sharing the Dream'' blog. Comparing with another narrative case from ''Mountain of the Gods'' by Yumemakura Baku. This novel provides two pairs of mountaineers' life stories to state the spirit of mountain climbing, especially the historical perspective of the two golden periods of the rise of mountaineering from modern to contemporary.
It also provides a mirror-image narrative framework for Mount Everest mountaineering challenge—the one is on 1924 The famous British mountaineer Mallory and his companion Irwin's disappearance, and the other is the fictional character 羽生丈二 legendary mountaineering with 長谷常雄who both devote to “Mount Everest Climbing alone without oxygen”, after 70 years later. The Interpretation of comparing shows the contradictions of Kurijo Shido's devoting action between “Mount Everest climbing alone without oxygen “and ''Sharing the Dream''. Besides that, mountaineering is not a competitive sport anymore but it is defined as an outdoor sport. There are still many people going to the mountains for challenging the limit. Kurijo Shido's case is not a paradigm of mountaineering ,but an extreme example of self-media. Also the golden generation of “Mount Everest climbing alone without oxygen” is ending instead of more and more commercial mountaineering in the global context today. ''Mount Everest'' is no longer a dream for ordinary people. Kurijo Shido's case has his value in inspiring everyone to have his or her own life narrative in connecting with nature through mountaineering.