不同成熟度男性青少年之跑步經濟性與跑步技術分析

Analysis of Running Economy and Technical Variables in Male Adolescents with Different Maturity Levels

目的：為了解青少年成熟度對跑步運動表現的影響，本研究分析不同成熟度男性青少年在跑步經濟性及跑步技術變項之相關性與差異情形，旨在提供基層教練和選手青少年發展與訓練的實證依據，據以設計適合的階段發展與訓練計畫。方法：以22名國中男生為研究對象，計算身高成長最大速率。並在跑步機上以8 km／h固定速度持續跑5分鐘蒐集攝氧量資料，同時利用攝影機的慢動作拍攝模式進行高幀數拍攝，將所得影片以Kwon 3D軟體分析跑步技術變項（步頻、步幅、著地時間、騰空時間、著地指數、步幅角度、垂直勁度和腿部勁度）與跑步經濟性。實驗數據採獨立樣本t檢定檢驗高、低年齡兩組以及高、低成熟度兩組間之差異，並以皮爾森積差相關進行相關依變項的統計考驗，顯著水準訂為α= .05。結果：年齡、成熟度皆與步幅、著地時間、步頻達顯著相關，而成熟度和跑步經濟性達顯著負相關。跑步經濟性與垂直勁度、腿部勁度有顯著負相關。高成熟度組在步幅、著地時間、著地指數、垂直勁度顯著高於低成熟度組，在步頻、跑步經濟性顯著低於低成熟度組。結論：男性青少年的年齡與成熟度不影響跑步技術變項的總體表現，但跑步經濟性與成熟度有顯著相關。

Purpose: The study aimed to analyze the correlation and differences in running technique variables and running economy among male adolescents with different maturity levels. Method: The study involved 22 male junior high school students, with Peak Height Velocity (PHV) calculated for each participant. Oxygen consumption data were collected while the participants ran on a treadmill at a fixed speed of 8 km/h for 5 minutes. Running technique variables (stride frequency, stride length, contact time, flight time, contact index, stride angle, vertical stiffness, and leg stiffness) and running economy were analyzed using Kwon 3D software from high-speed slow-motion footage. The experimental data were statistically tested using Pearson’s corre-lation and independent samples t-test, with a significance level set atα= .05. Results: Age and maturity were significantly cor-related with stride length, contact time, and stride frequency, while maturity was significantly negatively correlated with run-ning economy. There was a significant negative correlation between running economy and both vertical stiffness and leg stiff-ness. The high maturity group showed significantly higher stride length, contact time, contact index, and vertical stiffness com-pared to the low maturity group, while stride frequency and running economy were significantly lower in the high maturity group. Conclusion: Age and maturity in male adolescents did not affect the overall performance of running technique variables, but there was a significant correlation between running economy and maturity.