西歐中世紀後期女性神視之聲的重現與確認：以賀德佳和畢哲為例

The Rediscovery of Female Visionary Voice and Its Approval in the Later Meddle Ages: The Cases of Hildegard of Bingen and Birgitta of Sweden

賀德佳與畢哲是中世紀西歐高盛至晚期女性神視運動最重要的代表人物。女性在男性父權封建社會中沒有太多發言權，以神視者身份發聲也容易引發抵制和敵對。兩人的時代、社會身份與文字風格雖有別，但兩人的先知神視有跨時代的同質性。本文從賀德佳與畢哲領受神視的背景與過程來剖析其個人特質並探討其神視的權柄確認，以及教會團體在確認兩人神視權柄時所依據的條件與考量。本文指出神視的歷史性價值，並指出神視者的卓越品格特質、基督信仰群體的共同察驗，以及指向超驗啟示所帶動的歷時性影響力成為確認兩人先知性權柄的依據。文末對觀現今的處境做出反思。

Hildegard of Bingen and Birgitta of Sweden were the two symbolic representatives of the female visionary movement in the high and later Middle Ages. Females, who were not given much opportunities to speak in a male patriarchal society, might well arouse resentment and opposition should they speak in the capacity of visionaries. The two visionaries lived in different times. Their social identities and writing styles are also different. However, they are identical in that similar traits are found in them. This article analyzes their distinctive personalities, and discusses the authority their visions claimed and what the Christian body took into account in approving it. It points out the historical value of such visions, arguing that the authority of these two female visionaries is verified through their outstanding personality, the collective discernment of the church as a body, and through the historical influence grounded in their appeal to the revelation of ultimate salvation. This article concludes with observations for the contemporary situations of our times based on the aforementioned findings.