司法精神護理之護理標準：從精神衛生護理到司法精神護理之整合銜接

Standards for Forensic Mental Health Nursing: Integration and Transition from Mental Health Nursing to Forensic Mental Health Nursing

本研究旨在建構司法精神護理實務標準，研究目的：（一）回顧與分析司法精神護理/照護標準之文獻，釐清其發展脈絡與各項標準的界定與異同；（二）建構司法精神護理實務標準，並說明其適用性；（三）提出司法精神護理實務標準於政策制訂及未來發展方向之建議。本研究檢索國際實證資料庫及國內資料庫，納入1980年1月至2024年12月間發表之文獻，自642篇中篩選出8篇符合之文獻進行分析。現有的與司法精神護理相關的專業標準或指引中，除了澳洲的司法精神護理標準外，其他的照護標準大多僅針對普遍適用的心理健康照護技能，或未能明確具體的界定司法精神護理的專業實務範疇，亦或聚焦於司法精神服務機構的組織運作程序標準，存在顯著的差異。隨著司法醫療模式、司法照護需求以及司法精神病房/病院的設立，司法精神護理標準的制定已成為重要議題。司法精神護理標準的設置需要投注更多資源整合，以應對司法精神護理的照護需求。

This study aimed to develop forensic mental health nursing standards. The specific objectives were: (1) to review and analyse literature on forensic mental health nursing (FMHN) and nursing standards, clarify their developmental context and underpinnings, and delineate and interpret the standards while comparing similarities and differences; (2) to integrate perspectives from the literature to construct forensic mental health nursing standards and illustrate their application and appropriateness in forensic clinical settings; and (3) to propose recommendations for the use of these standards in policy formulation and future directions in the development of forensic mental health nursing. International databases and Chinese databases were systematically searched between January 1980 and December 2024. After screening 642 studies/reports, eight studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Among existing professional standards or guidelines related to FMHN, only the Australian forensic mental health nursing standards clearly define the scope of forensic mental health nursing practice. Most other standards focus on generic mental health care competencies and provide only limited guidance on the specific roles and practice scope of FMHN, or emphasise organisational and procedural aspects of forensic services, leading to substantial variability across standards. With the evolution of forensic treatment models, the demand for forensic care, and the establishment of forensic psychiatric units and hospitals, developing forensic mental health nursing standards has become a critical issue. The establishment of these standards requires substantial integration and coordination of resources to address the complex care needs in FMHN.