急診醫護人員的心理風險與心理急救

Psychological Risks and Psychological First Aid for Emergency Healthcare Workers

急診室作為高度壓力的醫療現場，使急診醫護人員長期暴露於突發重症、暴力事件與高情緒張力中。近年研究指出，急診醫護人員所面臨的心理風險已超越一般職業倦怠，更多與創傷暴露（Traumatic Exposure）與次級創傷壓力（Secondary Traumatic Stress, STS）相關。這些間接創傷經驗可能導致侵入性思考、迴避與過度警覺等症狀，相關研究顯示急診護理人員的次級創傷壓力盛行率高達65%。
心理急救（Psychological First Aid, PFA）是近年被用於支持急診醫護人員的實證取向介入模式，以預防性與支持性為目標。不同於心理治療策略，PFA強調立即介入與系統性支持，強化急診團隊的心理韌性，減少創傷累積對專業生活與個人身心的影響，協助醫護人員在高壓事件後迅速恢復功能。

Emergency departments represent high-stress medical environments where healthcare workers are constantly exposed to critical cases, sudden medical crises, and potential violence. Recent research indicates that the psychological risks faced by emergency healthcare personnel extend beyond conventional occupational burnout and are closely related to traumatic exposure and secondary traumatic stress (STS). These indirect traumatic experiences may lead to intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal symptoms. Systematic reviews report that the prevalence of STS among emergency nurses is as high as 65%.
Psychological First Aid (PFA) has become a widely applied evidence-based approach to support emergency healthcare providers. PFA emphasizes preventive and supportive strategies. Unlike psychotherapy, PFA focuses on immediate, practical, and system-level interventions that enhance team resilience, reduce cumulative trauma, and help emergency personnel rapidly regain functional capacity after high-stress events.