探討五專護理科應屆畢業生職涯意向之影響因素

Factors Influencing Career Aspirations Among Graduating Students in Five-Year Junior College Nursing Programs

目的
護理人力短缺為全球醫療體系共同面臨的挑戰，如何提升護理畢業生投入臨床的意願逐漸成為重要議題。其中，五專護理科為我國臨床護理人力的重要來源。本研究旨在探討五專護理科應屆畢業生的就讀動機、在學表現與護理工作特性對其職涯意向之影響因素。
方法
本研究採橫斷式研究設計，資料收集期間為2025年3月至5月，共收案170名五專護理科應屆畢業生，並以自擬人口學特色及改編之護理工作特性量表進行調查。護理工作特性量表，共計19題，採Likert五點量表，分數越高代表認同度越高。資料以SPSS for Windows 25.0版進行描述性與推論性統計分析。
結果
研究結果顯示，就讀動機中的「家人支持」（χ2=4.690，p=0.030）與「可學習一技之長」（χ2=3.601，p=0.058），以及在學表現中的「參與展翅計畫」（χ2=36.455，p<0.001）對職涯意向具有影響力，其中「參與展翅計畫」與職涯意向呈中度正相關（r=0.42）。受試者在護理工作特性量表中認同度最高的三項為：「臨床實習需運用多種專業知識與複雜技術」（4.38±0.613）、「實習工作涉及多領域知識應用」（4.36±0.628）及「臨床實習對未來職涯發展具有重要影響」（4.29±0.618）。迴歸分析顯示，「家人支持」、「參與展翅計畫」與「完整性工作特性」為重要預測因子（p<0.001），整體預測正確率為68.2％。
結論
本研究證實五專護理科應屆畢業生之職涯意向受家庭支持、在學參與及完整性護理工作特性等多重因素影響。建議未來可透過強化家庭對護理專業之正向認同和提升學生在學參與，以提高其職業承諾與投入臨床工作的意願。

Purposes
We explored factors influencing the career aspirations of graduating students in five-year junior college nursing programs, with particular emphasis on enrollment motivation, academic engagement and performance, and perceptions of nursing job characteristics.
Methods
A cross-sectional study design was employed. Data were collected between March and May 2025 from 170 graduating students enrolled in five-year junior college nursing programs. Information was collected using a custom developed demographic questionnaire. Data was assessed using a modified Nursing Job Characteristics Scale. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed using SPSS for Windows version 25.0.
Results
Among enrollment motivations, family support (χ²=4.690, p=0.030) the opportunity to acquire practical skills (χ²=3.601, p=0.058), and participation in the Fly High Program as an aspect of academic engagement (χ²=36.455, p<0.001), significantly influenced career intentions. Participation in the Fly High Program showed a moderate positive correlation with career intention (r=0.42). The three Nursing Job Characteristics Scale items with the highest levels of agreement included“clinical practice requires application of diverse professional knowledge and complex skills”(4.38±0.613),“internship work involves application of multidisciplinary knowledge”(4.36±0.628), and“clinical practice plays a critical role in future career development”(4.29±0.618). Regression analysis also indicated family support, participation in the Fly High Program, and job characteristic integrity to be significant predictors of career intention (p<0.001), with an overall predictive accuracy of 68.2%.
Conclusions
Our research confirms that the career intentions of graduating students in five-year junior college nursing programs are influenced by multiple factors, including family support, academic engagement, and overall integrity of nursing job characteristics. Future initiatives should focus on strengthening families’positive perceptions of the nursing profession and enhancing students’engagement during their studies, thereby promoting greater career commitment and stronger motivation to enter clinical practice.