There are different records in historical documents about the time when the San Shou-xiang cheng (three fortresses to receive surrender) were built in the Tang Dynasty. This paper analyzes the contradictions in the historical record and re-examines the date of construction of the San Shou-xiang cheng from the perspective of Batur Khan of the Second Turkic Khaganate’s foreign relations and eighth-century Turkic inscriptions. |