唐五代江西地區的社會變遷──以地方精英群體為中心

Social Transformation in Jiangxi during the Tang and Five Dynasties: A Study Centered on Local Elite Groups

六朝時期所形成的江西社會精英群體，多數在隋唐大一統王朝的統治下陸續脫離南川故土，成為中原漢人家族。這一結果使得唐代江西社會曾經出現一段精英群體大量減少的時期，取而代之的則是中晚唐伴隨科舉成長的士人家族，與因唐末戰亂而崛起的新興土豪。前者以袁州士人為主初步形成了一個新興的士人群體；後者最終形成以鍾傳為主的四股地方勢力，各自聚集了許多當地的土著家族，其中有許多是宋代士人家族的祖先。楊吳政權征服江西後，刻意壓制鍾傳等地方武裝勢力，他們被排除在新政權武裝力量之外，多數因子孫沒來得及轉型而沒沒無聞。文臣的際遇比較好，隨著楊吳南唐政權「崇文抑武」政策的推行，士人數量日漸增加。

The social elite groups that had taken shape in Jiangxi during the Six Dynasties period gradually departed from their native homeland of Nanchuan under the rule of the unified Sui–Tang empire and were incorporated into Han Chinese lineages of the Central Plains. This process resulted in a period during the Tang dynasty in which Jiangxi witnessed a marked decline in the number of established local elites. In their place emerged two new social forces during the middle and late Tang: scholar-official families that developed in tandem with the expansion of the civil service examination system, and newly rising local powerful families that gained prominence amid the warfare and political fragmentation of the late Tang. The former, represented primarily by the scholars of Yuanzhou, gradually formed an emerging community of scholar-officials. The latter eventually coalesced into four regional power blocs, foremost the one headed by Zhong Chuan, each of which brought together numerous local families. Many of these families would later become the progenitors of prominent scholar-official families in the Song dynasty. After the Yang Wu regime conquered Jiangxi, it deliberately suppressed the militarized local forces associated with Zhong Chuan and other powerful families. Excluded from the armed structure of the new regime, most of these families gradually disappeared from prominence as their descendants failed to adapt to the changing political order. Civil officials, by contrast, experienced more favorable prospects. With the implementation of the Yang Wu and Southern Tang regime’s policy of“exalting the civil and suppressing the military,”the number of scholar-officials steadily increased.