日本錦鯉文化的東亞流動：戰後臺灣錦鯉養殖、審美與產業發展

The East Asian Flow of Japanese Koi Culture: Koi Breeding, Aesthetics, and Industry Development in Postwar Taiwan

「錦鯉」是一種觀賞魚，因色澤豔麗，泳姿健壯，被譽為「會游泳的寶石」，也發展出獨特的美學鑑賞文化。錦鯉發源於日本十九世紀前半，當時新潟縣中越地方的農民偶然發現黑鯉產生色澤突變，進而開始培育。經過明治時期（1868-1912）、大正時期（1912-1926）與昭和前期的品種改良，培育出多種品系，包括人稱「御三家」的「紅白」、「大正三色」與「昭和三色」。1968年第一回全日本總合錦鯉品評會之後，錦鯉以「國魚」之姿向海外輸出。日本錦鯉的養殖技術與鑑賞美學也影響了臺灣。1960年代晚期至1970年代初期，臺灣開始有業者從日本引入錦鯉培育技術，1980年代桃園地區成立第一個錦鯉社團並舉辦品評比賽，「臺北市錦鯉協會」也開始發行《錦鯉》雜誌，產業蓬勃發展。本文以錦鯉為核心，探討日本錦鯉產業的興起、戰後臺灣如何受到日本錦鯉知識體系與鑑賞文化的影響，以及臺灣錦鯉產業的變遷歷程。

Koi or“Nishikigoi”in Japanese is an ornamental fish known for its vibrant colors and strong swimming posture, often referred to as“swimming gems.”A unique aesthetic culture has developed around them. Koi fish originated in Japan during the early 19th century when farmers in the Chuetsu region of Niigata Prefecture discovered that black carp exhibited sudden color mutations, leading them to begin selective breeding. Through breed improvements during the Meiji (1868-1912), Taisho (1912-1926), and early Showa periods, various strains were developed, including the so-called“Gosanke”: Kohaku, Taisho Sanshoku, and Showa Sanshoku. After the first All Japan Comprehensive Koi Show in 1968, Koi fish were exported abroad as the“national fish”of Japan. The aesthetic culture and breeding techniques of Nishikigoi in Japan have influenced Taiwan significantly. In the late 1960s to early 1970s, Taiwanese breeders began importing Koi breeding techniques from Japan. In the 1980s, the first Koi club was established in the Taoyuan area, and competitions were held. The Taipei Koi Association also began publishing the“Koi”magazine, leading to the rapid development of the industry. This article focuses on Koi fish, exploring the rise of the Japanese Koi industry, how post-war Taiwan was influenced by Japan’s Koi knowledge system and appreciation culture, and the transformation of the Taiwanese Koi industry.