1604年沈有容諭退紅毛番事件的敘事與史實

Narrative and Historical Facts of Shen Youyong’s Repulsion of the Dutch in 1604

1604年大明將領沈有容諭退韋麻郎，過去有關此一事件的研究均強調紅毛番占領澎湖，大明將領沈有容率領戰船50艘，憑藉個人的勇氣、口才以及強大的軍力，終於「諭退」荷蘭東印度公司船隊司令韋麻郎。
這樣的敘事是依據當時的文獻資料所建構，但受溢美之辭與時代因素影響，過於強調沈有容的角色，較乏對當時地理、政經情勢的考量。本文討論諭退事件的過程、沈有容與韋麻郎在事件中扮演的角色，以及福建官方與荷蘭船隊各自的立場與目的，認為應關注福建官方對此事的立場與決策，而荷蘭東印度公司成立初期的船隊運作模式與東亞季節風轉換，才是促使韋麻郎船隊離開的重要因素。

In 1604, the Ming general Shen Yourong ordered the fleet of the Dutch East India Company, led by Wybrandt van Waerwyck, to withdraw from the Penghu Islands. Previous research on this event has emphasized the Dutch occupation of Penghu and portrayed Shen Yourong, commanding a force of 50 warships, as successfully compelling the Dutch retreat through personal courage, diplomatic skill, and military strength.
Although grounded in historical sources, this narrative has been shaped by the laudatory writings of local literati and later reinforced by Twentieth-century nationalist historiography. As a result, it tends to magnify Shen Yourong’s individual agency while underestimating the broader geographical and political context in which the event unfolded.
This article reexamines the episode by reassessing the respective roles of Shen Yourong and Wybrandt van Waerwyck, as well as the positions and strategic objectives of the Fujian provincial authorities and the Dutch fleet. It argues that greater consideration should be given to the early operational model of the Dutch East India Company and to the seasonal monsoon patterns in East Asia. These factors, rather than Shen Yourong’s personal intervention alone, were crucial in shaping the decision of the Dutch fleet to depart.