再生與覆滅：戰後初期台灣左翼詩初探

Regeneration and Annihilation: A Preliminary Study of Left-Wing Poetry in Early Postwar Taiwan

三○年代，台灣左翼政治運動受到當局鎮壓而無以為繼，文化生產與文學創作因此成為左翼知識分子的新戰場。左翼文學於焉興起，左翼詩亦在文壇占有一席之地。但自中日戰爭爆發到二戰結束，戰時檢閱制度下幾無左翼思想的生存空間；而1949年國民政府敗退來台以後，左翼思想亦不見容於反共文藝政策。在這當中，少為前行研究所論及的是，戰後初期1945-1949年這段夾縫般的期間，隨左翼思潮而生的左翼詩曾在台灣大量重現，亦即本文所謂左翼詩的「再生」。
觀察台灣左翼詩的戰後「再生」，大致可分為三條脈絡：一為繼承日治時期台灣左翼詩傳統的路線，二是延續戰前東亞左翼詩的國際連帶路線，三則是新生代詩人在新的政治、社會、經濟狀況下產生的戰後社會批判路線。本文將透過過去鮮少被整理的戰後初期台灣左翼詩史料，初探這些詩作如何繼承了戰前台灣或東亞的左翼詩系譜，又是如何反映戰後台灣的社會現實並提出批判與改革的願景。
在二二八事件與白色恐怖的陰影下，隨著不分本、外省、不分資深或新生代的左翼作家的入獄或離台，站在社會弱勢的立場尖銳針砭時弊、致力於消除不平等、試圖挑戰既有秩序的左翼詩不再被容許，實質地走向「覆滅」。

In the 1930s, left-wing political movements in Taiwan were suppressed by the colonial authorities, rendering sustained political activism impossible. As a result, cultural production and literary creation became new arenas for left-wing intellectuals. Left-wing literature thus emerged, and left-wing poetry came to occupy a visible position within the literary field. However, from the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War to the end of World War II, the wartime censorship regime left virtually no space for the survival of left-wing thought. After 1949, when the Nationalist government retreated to Taiwan, left-wing ideas were likewise excluded under anti-communist cultural policies. What has received relatively little attention in previous scholarship is the interstitial period of the early postwar years (1945-1949). During this brief interval, left-wing poetry reappeared in Taiwan in significant quantity alongside the resurgence of left-wing intellectual currents－what this article terms the“regeneration”of left-wing poetry.
The postwar“regeneration”of Taiwanese left-wing poetry can be broadly understood through three trajectories: first, the continuation of the left-wing poetic tradition established during the Japanese colonial period; second, the extension of the transnational networks of East Asian left-wing poetry formed before the war; and third, the emergence of a new generation of poets who developed postwar social critiques in response to new political, social, and economic conditions. Drawing on largely unexamined primary materials from the early postwar period, this article offers a preliminary exploration of how these poems inherited prewar Taiwanese or East Asian left-wing poetic lineages, and how they reflected postwar Taiwanese social realities while articulating visions of critique and reform.
Under the shadow of the February 28 Incident and the White Terror, as left-wing writers－regardless of provincial background or generational affiliation－were imprisoned or forced to leave Taiwan, left-wing poetry that spoke from the standpoint of socially marginalized groups, sharply criticized social injustices, sought to eliminate inequality, and attempted to challenge the existing order was no longer tolerated, effectively marking its“annihilation.”