如廁的舊難題、新困境與應對「廁」略：跨性別主體經驗與性別認同實踐

The Old Problem, New Challenges, and Coping Strategies of Using Public Toilets: Transgender Subjective Experiences and Practices of Gender Identity

臺灣的公廁長期採男女二分，潛藏異性戀與順性別中心的性別意識形態，造成許多使用者不便，跨性別群體是其一。近來在多元性別價值的提倡下，所有性別者都能使用的性別友善廁所應運而生，卻又引發諸多爭議，跨性別群體成為討論焦點。本文認為跨性別群體長期位處邊緣，其主體性須被正視，因此招募包含跨男、跨女、變裝者、性別酷兒在內的六位參與者，透過質性研究取徑的訪談法，傾聽其聲音，探討其對性別二分廁所、不同形態性別友善廁所的態度和使用經驗，以重新檢視性別二分與性別友善廁所，再思公廁如何更符合跨性別群體的需求。研究結果發現：首先，性別二分廁所猶如一道難題，選擇男廁，出生被指定為女性的跨性別者憂慮身分曝光；選擇女廁，所有跨性別者經常承受異樣眼光與眼色、接受性別質疑與打探、遭受空間排除與排擠。其次，現行的性別友善廁所難以解決困境，反而成為新難題，跨性別者普遍懷抱期待，乘興而行，卻因設置未能滿足涵容性與安全感，敗興而返。再者，高度性別化的廁所空間帶來壓迫的同時，也促使跨性別者發展「廁」略，從中實踐、強化性別認同。最後，本文根據研究發現，重思性別二分與性別友善廁所的意義和設置，並針對未來研究、公廁設置分別提出建議。

Public toilets in Taiwan have long been structured around a rigid gender binary, reflecting heteronormative and cisnormative ideologies that produce persistent exclusion and inconvenience for many users, particularly transgender people. In recent years, the promotion of gender diversity has led to the emergence of gender-inclusive toilets intended for users of all genders. Rather than resolving existing difficulties, however, these facilities have generated new controversies, with transgender communities frequently positioned at the center of public debate. Foregrounding transgender subjectivity, this study examines how transgender individuals experience and navigate both gender-binary and gender-inclusive toilet spaces. Drawing on qualitative semi-structured interviews with six participants—including two trans men, two trans women, one cross-dresser, and one genderqueer individual—it explores their perceptions, emotions, and everyday practices of toilet use. The findings reveal that gender-binary toilets constitute a persistent“bathroom problem.”Transgender people assigned female at birth who choose men’s toilets often fear involuntary disclosure of their identity, while those who use women’s toilets routinely encounter suspicious looks, gender interrogation, and spatial exclusion. Meanwhile, existing gender-inclusive toilets frequently fail to provide the anticipated sense of safety and inclusivity, transforming initial hope into renewed disappointment. At the same time, highly gendered toilet environments compel transgender individuals to develop coping strategies through which gender identity is actively negotiated and reinforced. Based on these findings, the article reconsiders the meanings and designs of both gender-binary and gender-inclusive toilets and offers recommendations for future research and the planning of public toilet facilities.