裸露一隻乳房的女性形象：一個藝術傳統及其在茱莉亞•克蘭恩作品中的轉化

The Image of a Woman with One Breast Exposed: An Artistic Tradition and Its Transformation in the Work of Julia Krahn

在西方藝術中，「裸露一隻乳房的女性形象」與「哺乳聖母」（Maria lactans）主題息息相關。此主題借助各種形式和媒體，得以形成與傳播，從中世紀流傳至今，其所蘊含的母職意義與家庭意識也隨之被建構和延續。本文首先從「哺乳聖母」的圖像志分析切入，探討此傳統主題的表現形式、發展脈絡與意涵，再聚焦於當代藝術家茱莉亞‧克蘭恩（JuliaKrahn）對此傳統主題的引用手法與轉化。建基於圖像學概念，本文將藝術創作視為文化映射，受到藝術家所處時代的影響，進一步從性別研究的角度，深入闡釋克蘭恩作品的內容與意義，並援引母職研究理論以及Mieke Bal和Griselda Pollock看待重寫藝術傳統的觀點，解讀克蘭恩將差異引進藝術正典的策略，以及帶有性別意識的批判性改寫。

In Western art, the image of a woman with one breast exposed is closely associated with the theme of the nursing Virgin (Maria lactans). Transmitted through diverse media from the Middle Ages to the present, this tradition has played a central role in shaping cultural meanings of motherhood and familial identity. This article begins with an iconographic analysis of the Maria lactans motif, examining its formal expressions, historical development, and symbolic significance. It then turns to the contemporary artist Julia Krahn, focusing on her appropriation and transformation of this tradition. Treating artistic production as a cultural practice shaped by historical context, the article draws on feminist and gender studies perspectives to interpret the content and significance of Krahns work. Engaging theories of motherhood and the critical frameworks of Mieke Bal and Griselda Pollock on rewriting artistic traditions, it elucidates Krahns strategy of introducing difference into the artistic canon through gender-conscious critique and creative reconfiguration.