未來產業創新生態培育的知識產權制度因應

Response of Intellectual Property System to the Cultivation of Future Industrial Innovation Ecology

未來產業是前沿性、先導性和顛覆性技術產業化的必然產物，與重大科技創新突破和戰略性新興產業密切相關，具有戰略前瞻性、跨界融合性等特徵。未來產業對於形成和發展我國新質生產力，促進經濟社會高質量發展意義重大。發展我國未來產業，需要構建良好的創新生態系統，該系統應具有開放協同性、動態平衡性以及競爭與合作的雙重性。未來產業的競爭主要體現為創新生態培育的競爭。知識產權制度是保護和激勵創新、促進創新成果轉化運用的法律制度和激勵機制，其對於未來產業創新生態培育的功能和作用體現於制度內涵的保護機制、激勵機制、市場機制、促進公平競爭機制、利益平衡機制和產業安全維護機制等。我國現行知識產權制度在促進未來產業創新生態培育方面還存在不足和侷限性，需要在現行制度安排基礎上實現制度創新，以更好地優化創新資源配置，提高創新能力和產業國際競爭力。

Future industries, as an inevitable outcome of the industrialization of frontier, leading, and disruptive technologies, are closely connected with major breakthroughs in scientific and technological innovation and strategic emerging industries. They possess the characteristics of strategic foresight, cross-border integration, and gradual market maturity. Future industries are of great significance for shaping and advancing China's new productivity model and for promoting high-quality economic and social development. The cultivation and growth of future industries are not isolated events or concepts within industrial revolutions and competition; they require the construction of a robust innovation ecosystem. This ecosystem should be characterized by open synergy, able to integrate internal and external innovation resources and promote cooperation and communication among innovators; dynamic balance, adaptable to changes in resources, stakeholders, and environments; and a duality of competition and cooperation, encouraging healthy competition among innovators while promoting win-win cooperation. Cultivating this ecosystem needs to allocate of innovation resources, make transformations of innovation results and improve the technological innovation system. The intellectual property (IP) system, as a legal framework and incentive mechanism for protecting and encouraging innovation and promoting the transformation and application of innovation achievements, plays an essential role in cultivating the innovation ecosystem for future industries. Its protection mechanism ensures that innovation achievements are safeguarded against infringement, providing legal protection for innovators. The incentive mechanism encourages invention, investment in innovation, and the commercialization of innovation achievements, stimulating innovation vitality. The market mechanism respects market economy principles, promoting the effective allocation of innovation resources and the transformation of achievements. The fair competition mechanism maintains a fair competitive order within the innovation ecosystem and safeguards the legitimate rights and interests of all parties. The interest-balancing mechanism coordinates stakeholders' interests and prevents disputes, while the industry security mechanism ensures industrial security and addresses external competition and challenges. There are still deficiencies and limitations in China's current intellectual property system in promoting the cultivation of an innovation ecosystem for future industries. For instance, intellectual property protection rules in certain emerging fields may be incomplete, and there is relatively insufficient emphasis on the transformation and application of innovation achievements. Therefore, institutional innovation is needed based on the existing framework. First, establish and improve intellectual property protection rules for the foundational technologies of future industries, including data intellectual property protection and an intellectual property protection system for artificial intelligence. Second, establish and enhance intellectual property protection rules for new business forms and models in future industries. Third, improve intellectual property protection rules for key fields, such as brain science, the greening of future industries, and deep space, deep earth, and deep sea. In summary, by improving relevant laws and regulations and increasing the efficiency of innovation resource allocation, a solid institutional foundation can be provided for the development of future industries, enhancing innovation capacity and international competitiveness.