行政訴訟程序空轉檢察監督的邏輯展開

“程序空轉”是指行政訴訟在解決行政爭議過程中存在“無效果”和“低效率”，訴訟程序無法回應相對人實體訴求，造成當事人在循環往復中不斷起訴。“程序空轉”是多重因素複雜作用的結果，如關聯性行政爭議糾纏、合法性審查為主的司法慣性、既有的訴判理論缺陷等。檢察機關承載著促進法律規則統一適用的職能，應當充分發揮行政檢察監督的功能優勢，從現有法律框架內尋找防範和治理“程序空轉”的工具，助推行政爭議實質性化解。“三個善於”是檢察監督的認識論和方法論，揭示了當前行政訴訟制度存在的結構性障礙，是實質性化解行政爭議的思維方式和工作方法。以“三個善於”為指導推動“程序空轉”問題的解決，有助於打造具有中國特色的行政檢察學標識性概念，推動中國特色行政檢察理論范式的形成，建構中國行政檢察學自主知識體系。

“Procedural Ineffectiveness”refers to a phenomenon in administrative litigation where the process proves ineffective and inefficient in resolving administrative disputes. It occurs when judicial procedures fail to address the substantive claims of the parties, trapping them in a cycle of repetitive litigation. This ineffectiveness results from the complex interplay of multiple institutional and systemic factors, such as entangled interrelated administrative disputes, a judicial tendency to focus predominantly on legality review, and inherent deficiencies in existing litigation and adjudication theories. As institutions responsible for promoting the uniform application of legal rules, procuratorial organs should fully leverage the functional strengths of administrative prosecutorial supervision. By identifying tools within the existing legal framework to prevent and address procedural ineffectiveness, they can facilitate the substantive resolution of administrative disputes. The“Three Abilities”principle serves as both the epistemology and methodology of prosecutorial supervision. As an epistemology, it reveals the structural obstacles within the current administrative litigation system; as a methodology, it provides the mindset and working approach for achieving substantive dispute resolution. Guided by the“Three Abilities,”addressing procedural ineffectiveness will help develop distinctive conceptual markers for China's administrative procuratorial studies, advance the formation of a theoretical paradigm for socialist administrative procuratorial theory with Chinese characteristics, and construct an autonomous knowledge system for Chinese administrative procuratorial science.