譜一曲英雄的軟歌——《水滸》結局的悲劇意識

An Elegy for Heroes : The Tragic Ideology of the Ending of Shui Hu

水滸故事在中國人文環境裡扮演相當重要的角色。自兩宋以來，這個民間故事一再被人口耳相傳或嘆其情節，或仿其行徑，或寓以深思，於是依其事而製的作品，可謂無代不有，甚而更遠播遐方，傳諸殊俗。
水滸故事陪伴中國人走過悠長歷史，不同的時代背景，呈現了不同的視角，發展出不同的精神風貌。百回本以招安而後討內征外鞏固國族的行動，來肯定其忠義精神；然而招安所獲取的並不是榮譽，而是死亡和犧牲。故事最後的悲劇寫在征方臘一役中，梁山英雄最後的挫敗、退反、分裂和死亡，具有洞觀全局、回覽前塵的深刻反省意味，是整個水滸故事中最具意涵的部分；凱旋未到京師就已走的走、病的病、死的死、出家的出家，英雄已矣，一切絢爛歸於寂靜，面對水滸世界的挫敗與凋零，不由得使人有人間無常、天地無情之悲慨。
本文擬從故事意涵的忠義精神說起，逐步探討這部歷經三百餘年，集納繁多傳說的作品，結局所呈現的思想意識。

The Legend of Shui Hu plays a vital role in the Chinese's cultural. Since Song dynasty, this folk story has been narrating from mouth to mouth, and the public has praised the plots of the story. Furthermore, the characters' of Shui Hu has been the models of a man of principle and virtue. In the old times, our ancestors to asked us to think deeply of some meaningful fables, and to request their generations to emulate or model oneself on. And every generation had the folklore to be eulogized everywhere.
The folklore of Shui Hu stays with the ancient Chinese, and grow with it in different era, and different aspects with variety beliefs from the story. Regarding to the legends, those heroes helped the imperial government to face with troubles at home and aggression from abroad, and rescued people from foreign intrusion and saved the turmoil and chaos of war back that time. Shui-Hu heroes being order out of chaos, and thrive and were prosperous. The tragedy was about a battle of Fung-La; those heroes were vanquished, split up in their groups, and death at Liang San Po; and from the story, you may see clearly and understand thoroughly from the past and learned to make the self-examination from it.
And, the most implication part was the end of the story. Heroes were on their way home, and for the long journey, some died in the halfway, some got infected fatal illness and some even became monks or ran away in the midway home. You can see how those heroes faced their end from the beginning of bright and dazzling. From the folklore of Shui Hu, it shows directly how about the world of mortals mutable and changeable.
The thesis is focusing on the virtue and patriotism of the legend and to probe into the 300 years ago history progressively by gathering numerous folklores and stories. Ultimately, the ending is the story's conscious ideology.