余象斗小說出版品版式及其評林本之創新研究

A study on the carving form and creation of annotation publications about Yu Xiang Dou's（余象斗） novels

余象斗（1560-1637）為明代萬曆閩北建陽重要刻書家，其雙峰堂、三台館、文台堂書坊共刊刻了廿餘本小說。除了覆刻前人講史、神魔、公案小說以外，他自創了一種上評、中圖、下文三節版的評林本。本文從所見之余象斗小說出版品，論其字體、三節版、插圖特色；其次以《三國志傳》、《水滸志傳評林》、《列國志傳評林》、《列國前編十二朝》、《三國志傳評林》為討論範圍，檢視其評林本小說增修內涵。最後，將之與明萬曆年間其他小說書坊出版品相較，發現余象斗小說評林本創新的意義有二：一為相較於上圖下文兩欄式的圖版，三節版多增加之上欄空間，使編者對版面的調度運用更加靈活；二為評林本小說之上評欄，有評有注又有補遺，模仿科考用書體例，方便庶民閱讀，除了推動通俗小說的傳播外，無形中也提昇市民語文教育水準。然而此種創新版式之小說，由於犯了臆改、校讎不精及剽竊盗版之病，顯示余象斗難脫建陽書坊刻書速售求利之積習，以致質地未臻佳境，令人扼腕。

Yu xiang Dou（余象斗） is a very important publisher at Fujian Jianiang（褔建建 陽）in the late Ming Dynasty. He published more than 20 extended fictions, wrote lots of annotations and remarks, such as “Remarks about Water Margin” 《水滸志傳評林》, “Romance of the Three Kingdoms” 《三國志傳》, “Remarks about Romance of the Three Kingdoms” 《三國志傳評林》）... ect. This thesis plans to study on the form of his novels, the creation of his annotations and also the value of these publications. Yu xiang Dou developed the form of novels from two columns into three columns （三節版）A new edition with picture, text and annotation. It is easier for the townsfolk to read and helpful to push the dissemination of novels. Thus, this is the most important contribution to the publication of Ming dynasty.