蘇軾詠雁詞之人格典範與文藝創意

The Personality Paradigm and Artistic Creativity of Su Shih's tz’u on Wild Goose

蘇軾〈卜算子〉詠雁詞作於初謫黃州之時，此詞意內言外，蘇軾假借孤鴻寫自己經歷烏臺詩案，劫後餘生，貶竄黃州的索寞孤獨、驚悸憤恨，與孤高自賞，堅持理想，甘受寂寞愁苦，不肯隨世浮沉的心志氣節！取神不取形，用意不用事，以縹緲之象寫幽微之情，以高妙之筆寓沉鬱之意，空中傳恨，寄託遙深，深受前人推崇。蘇軾〈卜算子〉詠雁詞最動人的精粹，尤在於歇拍之「揀盡寒枝不肯棲，寂寞沙洲冷。」託物明志，以景傳情，蘇軾寧願忍受殘酷無情的痛苦與打擊，決不肯茍合取容降志辱身低首事人的情志與面影躍然可見，這是蘇軾特具的風範，是前人詠雁詞所不曾表現的意涵與技法，值得我們注意。本文以相關詩文、史事發明蘇軾詞心，以史證詞，以詩明詞，詩詞互證，闡幽發微，言之有物，持論有據，期望使蘇軾寫作〈卜算子〉詠雁詞的特殊情境、人格典範與文藝創意彰顯於世。

Su Shih's pu-shuan-tzu on wild goose was composed on his deposition to Huang-chou. This poem takes wild geese symbolize his experience on the case of Wu-tai, his loneliness, his resentment, and his persistence. In this poem, he describes the spirit of the wild goose, not his form, and uses literary metaphor in expressing his deep feelings. The most admired caesura was the ending where Su Shih wrote a lonely goose's persistence to symbolize his own purity in a time of chaos. This artistic technique was never used by any other poet before and is worthy of our attention.
This article delves into the related historical events to confirms Su Shih's literary expressions. It is the expectation of this author that through this thorough study Su Shih's intention will be known to the literary world.