南社論詞之兩派及其詞學史意義

NanShe’ two styles of commenting Ci and its meaning in the history of Ci Poetry

南社是近代文學史上一個重要的文學社團，它的文學史地位的確立不僅表現為它創作上的革命性主題，還表現為它在理論上的非凡建樹，它在詞學上的理論貢獻亦有重要的詞學史意義。大致說來，南社論詞有兩種傾向性，一種是以柳亞子為代表的反常州派，一種是以龐樹柏為代表的常州派追隨者。前者是南社內部的「革命派」，後者是南社內部的「保守派」；前者推崇北宋渾厚的豪健詞風，後者標榜雕琢醇雅詞風；但他們對詞法、詞境、詞史等問題發表的看法，已經超出他們的門戶之見，豐富了傳統詞學理論的寶庫。在辛亥革命之前，南社的革命性占主導地位，在辛亥革命之後南社的保守性漸以擡頭，當「五四」新文化運動到來之際，南社的保守性表現得越來越明顯，最後走到了新文化運動的反面，但它在中國詞學由傳統向現代轉型過程中具有極重要的意義。南社諸子是一群跨越新舊時代「門坎」的人，他們在政治思想上是革命的，在文化觀念上還有很濃厚的保守性，這使得他們的文學觀念具有雙重性，也決定他們在文壇上的命運帶有悲劇性色彩。

Nanshe was an important literature assoCiation in modern literature history. Its establishment of literature history position performanced not only its revolutionary theme but also its achievement in theory. Its theoretical contribution had important meaning in the history of Ci Poetry, too. Generally speaking, there were two tendentiousness in NanShe’ Comment of Ci, one was the opposition to ChangZhouCiPai, and Liu YaZi was the leadling role. The other was the follower of it, whose leader was Pang ShuBo. The former was revolutionary and the latter was conservative in NanShe. The former praised the honest tyle of BeiSong Ci and the latter supported the carve elegant style of Ci. But their opinions about the method of Ci poems（詞法）the bourn Ci poetry of（詞境）and the history of Ci poetry（詞史）and so on, were already out of their conception, which riched the traditional theory of Ci. Before the republican revolution, NanShe’ revolutionary played a key part. After the republican revolution, the conservative gradually played an more important role. With WuSi revolution coming, its conservation performanced more and more obviously, at last it went to the reverse side of new cultural revolution. But it was an important link during the transition of Ci Poetry from tradition to modern. NanShe was a team leaping the new generation and old times. They were revolutionary in politics but very conservative in cultural idea, which made their literature idea have dual nature and deCided their ragedy destiny in the literary world.