郁達夫小說中的病態美學

The Pathetic Aesthetics of Yu Ta-fu's Novels

在現在中國文學史上，郁達夫是一位創作豐富，影響深遠的作家，他一生寫了許多轟動一時的小說，風格不同的散文，率直坦誠的日記，以及無數的文論和序跋書信。其舊體詩遠紹李杜及晚唐，有人甚至認為成就在其新文學作品之上。郁達夫在他文學活動的三十年間，除了參與創造社，出版創作，更編輯了無數刊物，翻譯德國日本名著多種，可謂著作等身。大陸易幟之後，由於官方所謂社會主義的寫實主義意識形態，郁達夫感傷頹廢的文風，和當道的主流不合軌轍，相關的研究論著為數實在不多。但是，自八十年代以來，隨著風氣的開放，大陸開始注意郁達夫的文學成就，研究的成果也日漸發表。反觀台灣的郁達夫研究，也許是因為郁氏和創造社及左聯、魯迅等人的關係，這一主題好像成了學術界默認的禁區，也是近年來，學界才漸漸注意到郁氏在小說藝術上的開創之功，以郁氏做為研究專題。如前所述，學界對郁達夫小說的研究從八十年代以來轉趨熱絡，但也有不夠全面及流於泛論的問題，如何深入探討郁達夫五十篇左右的中短篇小說，是現代文學研究上的一個重要課題。本文也是在這一課題上的努力和嘗試，試圖探討郁達夫小說中呈現出來的病態美學，並連繫其與郁達夫在性格上和心理上的關係。

In the history of modern Chinese literature, Yu Ta-fu was a writer who exacted a great deal of influence to the future novelists. In his lifetime, he wrote many famous short stories, essays, diaries, prefaces and epilogues. Some critics even think that his achievement on traditional poetry is greater than any other genres of his creative writings. During his thirty years of literary activities, in addition to taking part in Creation Society, he was the chief editor of many magazines, translator of German and Japanese literatures. Important as he is, there are not many thorough studies on his writings. This article is intended to delve into the pathological aesthetics in the novels of Yu Ta-fu and tries to relate the connection between this aesthetics and Yu's character and psyche.