公安派詩學視野中的《莊子》詮釋——以袁宏道《廣莊》為討論中心

The Interpretation on Zhuang Zi in the Perspective of Gong An School: Focus on Yuan Hong-dao’s Guang Zhuang

袁宏道〈敘小修詩〉一文提出的「獨抒性靈，不拘格套」，可以視為公安派詩學的總綱領，此一性靈詩說的形成，除了曾受禪學、心學的影響之外，同時也受到莊子思想的啟迪。基於這樣的認知，本文試圖以《廣莊》為討論中心，探究袁宏道如何在公安派的詩學視野下，對《莊子》進行創造性的詮釋。文章先從袁宏道《廣莊》與袁中道《導莊》的對比入手，確認《廣莊》的書寫方式已非傳統的注疏體，而是自抒性靈的晚明小品；其次則以「遣一切是非的齊物之見」、「遊戲於根塵的逍遙之適」兩條線索，討論《廣莊》一書所呈現的生命情調，以及此書與公安派詩學之間的對應；文末並以夏樹芳、陸雲龍二人接受《廣莊》的方式為例，說明其書所引發的詩學迴響。希望藉由此多層面的分析，能彰顯袁宏道的《莊子》詮釋在《莊》學史上的特殊性。

“All out of spontaneous flow, unbound by any fixed format,” proposed in Yuan Hong-dao’s “The Preface to the Poem Collection of Xiao-xiu” has been referred to as the general guideline of Gong An poetic school. The formation of the “spontaneous flow” theory was not only influenced by Zen studies and Xin studies but also enlightened by the thoughts of Zhuang Zi. With the thought in mind, the essay tries to center around the discussion on Guang Zhuang, exploring how Yuan Hong-dao conducted a creative interpretation on Zhuang Zi from the poetic aspect of Gong An School. The essay starts with the contrast between Yuan Hong-dao’s Guang Zhuang and Yuan Zhong-dao’s Dao Zhuang, identifying that Guang Zhuang is a spontaneous and self-expressive work in late Ming instead of one which was conventionally-noted. Furthermore, it discusses the concern for life, represented in Guang Zhuang and the correlation between the book and the poetics of Gong An School by tracing the two clue lines–“Rid all the divergent opinions on Qi Wu” and “Play and enjoy the ease in the chaotic world.” At the end, the essay illustrates the poetic echoes Guang Zhuang has triggered by presenting how Xia Shu-fang and Lu Yun-long accepted it. It is hoped that the peculiarity of the Yuan Hong-dao’s interpretation on Zhuang Zi can be manifested in the history of Zhuang Zi studies by providing a multi-aspect analysis.