《懷舊》：魯迅文言小說與新觀念首次整合的嘗試

“Remembering Past Times”: Lu Xun's First Attempt at Integrating New Ideas with Classical Language

在中國小說的發展中，敘事模式從零聚焦敘事向內聚焦和外聚焦敘事的轉換，是傳統小說向現代小說轉換的一個重要標誌。這一轉換由晚清小說始，在魯迅的小說中得以成功地完成。《懷舊》是魯迅創作的第一篇小說，除了它所採用的語言系統是與舊的語言系統相關聯外，它更多地是與新文學運動聯繫在一起的。在敘事模式上，它成功地運用了第一人稱內聚焦敘事，在傳統敘事模式向現代敘事模式的轉換中具有開創性的意義，因而，從魯迅小說創作對於敘事模式的採用中，《懷舊》是一個重要的轉捩點，它在小說敘事模式的轉換中開闢了新的一頁。

The transformation of narrative modes from narratives with zero focalization to narratives with internal and external focalizations is one of the most important signs in the transition from traditional to modern Chinese fiction. This transformation, which began in the work of the late Qing novelists, reached a higher stage and was successfully completed in Lu Xun's fiction. ''Remembering Past Times'' is Lu Xun's first short story. Although its language system was related to the old one, it was close to the direction of the new literary movement. He successfully used the internal focalization in first-person in his first short story. Seen from the perspective of the use of narrative modes, ''Remembering Past Times'' is an important turning point. A new page was started; the use of different modes was introduced into modern Chinese fiction.