二十世紀初越南知識人的「歐戰」論述——以中國浙江《兵事雜誌》與越南《南風雜誌》（漢文版）為考察中心

The World War I in Vietnamese Intellectuals’ Writing: Focus on The Military Magazine（Zhejiang）and Nam Phong Tạp Chí

對於二十世紀初期越南知識人與民族運動者來說，「歐戰」（WorldWarI）的爆發實在是一件無法忽略的大事，這不僅是公眾討論的焦點所在，甚至與他們及越南未來的發展密切相關。法國深陷曠日費時的歐戰泥淖之中，賦予反法及親法越南知識人不同的政治意義。反法殖民運動者欲藉此一良機，企圖聯繫德奧政府，以顛覆法殖民政權，推動民族革命，而親法者則透過綿密且重複的政治宣傳，試圖鞏固殖民政權於不墜。由越南知識人所撰寫，並刊登在中國浙江的《兵事雜誌》與越南的《南風雜誌》上的「歐戰」論述，就分別代表了反法與親法之越南知識人兩種截然有別的觀點。隨著歐戰的落幕，前者對於軍國主義、強權利益、西洋文明有更清醒的認識；而後者則不斷地用「公理」、「正義」等符號聖化法國戰勝的意義。同樣的文字與符號，卻在譴責／歌頌、抗拒／認同、對立／協力的兩極化論述中，而有了不同的含義。這些問題的討論，將有助於我們認識二十世紀初期越南知識人在政治立場與意識型態上的差異與拉距，並思考他們在與近現代東亞交流互動時所扮演的角色。

The occurrence of World War I had a major impact on the thinking of Vietnamese intellectuals and nationalists in the early 20th century. It was more than just a topic of intellectual discussion because it widely influenced the future development of Vietnam. The intellectuals were divided into two groups: the “anti-French” group and the “pro-French” group. The Francophobes sought an alliance with the German and Austrian government to end the colonization of Vietnam by the French, while the Francophiles engaged in political propaganda to strengthen the French regime. Articles from The Military Magazine（Zhejiang）and Nam Phong Tạp Chí which were written by Vietnamese intellectuals, clearly show fundamental differences in the opinions of the two groups. As the war ended, anti-colonialists had better understanding of the militarism and power of the West as well as and Western civilization. In contrast, the Francophiles had constantly using the ''axiomatic truths '', ''justice'' and other symbols to explain the significance of the victory of the French. Similar words and symbols were polarized hereafter and were attributed different meanings. Analysis of this process will allow us to better understand the difference in political and ideological beliefs of Vietnamese intellectuals in the early 20th century, and their influence on recent diplomacy.