朱利安與莊子相遇於「渾沌」之地——中、西「跨文化」交流的方法反思

An Encounter between François Jullien and Chuang-tzu at “Chaos”: Review of the Methodology of Chinese and Western Transcultural Exchange

朱利安（于連）是當今法國頗具代表性的漢學家、哲學家，其著作不僅對東方學術有細膩而深入的詮釋，他更提出一套東／西對話的跨文化哲學。他的跨文化方法論，如「繞道中國」、「外部解構」等主張，曾和許多重要學者──如法國的畢來德、德國的何乏筆、香港的張隆溪等人，產生激烈的爭辯。近來朱利安更發表《間距與之間》，筆者認為這是朱利安最深刻而成熟的回應觀點。本文一方面嘗試透過這部新文獻來檢討這些爭論、釐清朱利安的主張；另一方面更指出朱利安在這部作品所宣揚的跨文化流動觀點，主要從老、莊的「虛無」、「環中」、「兩行」、「渾沌」等概念，吸收養分而轉化出來。筆者從他這部新著中，強烈讀出道家的「非形上學」思維方式，尤其可和《莊子》進行對話者甚多，因此嘗試勾勒一條朱利安與《莊子》之間的跨文化對話之「通道」。最後並比較朱利安和何乏筆這兩種跨文化哲學的差異。

François Jullien is a modern representative of a sinologist and philosopher in France. His work provides a sophisticated and in-depth interpretation of Eastern philosophy. He proposed a “trans-cultural philosophy” of dialogue between East and West. He debated his trans-cultural methodology, “Make a Detour of China” and “external deconstruction” with respected scholars, such as Jean François Billeter of France, Fabian Heubel of Germany and Chang Lung-hsi of Hong Kong, Recently, François Jullien published an article “Interval and Between,” which this author considers to be the most profound and mature work yet produced by Jullien. This study examines the arguments proposed by Jullian’s theories and tries to clarify the views of Jullien. In addition, this study suggests that idea of “trans-cultural flow” promoted by Jullien is the result of absorption and transformation of the concepts of Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu “nothingness”, “Huan Chung”, “Possibility of Two Sides” and “Chaos ”. From Jullians work, the author of this article clearly observes the “Non-Metaphysics” of the Daoist School. In addition, Jullians work contains many points shared with Zhuangzi. Thus, this study tries to develop a “path” of “trans-cultural dialogue” between François Jullien and Zhuangzi and compares the differences of “trans-cultural philosophy” between François Jullien and Fabian Heubel.