以「瘋」的自白探究現代主義小說之跨文化比較研究

The Avowal of Madness: A Cross-Cultural Comparative Study of Modernism Novels

阿根廷小說《隧道》首次以中文之姿面對台灣讀者是在1990年，十六年後（2006）能夠再度於台灣書市出版，實是中文讀者之福。這本小說為我們展開理解拉美文學的新頁，沒有魔幻的原鄉情調，而是融匯西方文化的中產階級生活景觀，雖然蒼白卻充滿當代知識分子的反省力。薩巴多結合了西方現代主義擅長使用的獨白和瘋癲元素，卻又另成一格的「自白」，正是在專權政體下以負面意識展開的「抗拒式」書寫。本文企圖藉此討論框架重新思索台灣的現代主義小說，在戒嚴時期看似冷感的作品，實則有其抗拒意涵，七等生的〈精神病患〉、陳映真的〈文書〉、〈淒慘的無言的嘴〉和施叔青的〈倒放的天梯〉展現了類同《隧道》的書寫形式。我將從辨識小說家的內部視野和外部環境中，思考外來思潮如何因應時代的需求被接收及轉化，並成為當代知識分子探討其生命問題的出口，以及如何促使這些作品成為小說家和他們那個時代創作的里程碑。

The Chinese translation of the Argentinean novel El Tunel was first published for Taiwanese readers in 1990. Re-published 16 years later, in 2006, this novel introduced Taiwan readers to a different kind of Latin-American Literature, one which shuns Magic Realism, and reflects a bourgeois life style tinted with Western culture, pale but keen and rich in the self-reflections of contemporary intellectuals. Ernesto Sabato integrates soliloquy with madness, two distinct elements of Western modernism, to give shape to his own unique avowal, through which he eloquently expressed resistance to dictatorship in his writing by conducting his discourses from the perspective of negative ideology.
Taking a comparative literary approach, this article examines the political reality of contemporary literature in Taiwan. The seemingly indifferent tone in the novels written during the period of martial law embodies the essence of resistance. The selected short fictions of Qi Deng Sheng, Yingzhen Chen, and Shuqing Shi share the same forms of expression and critical discourse with El Tunel. Focusing on anti-social behavior or thinking depicted in the stories, this article examines how the authors adopt foreign ways of thinking and assimilate them into local resistance discourse. This paper will identify the inner visions, social context and biographical context of the three authors. Also, this article will point out how Western thinking is drawn upon and accommodated to contemporary needs and thus re-contextualized. Through this process, the three authors explore problems intellectuals encountered during wartime and throughout periods of political transition. Ultimately, this research will reveal the significance of the selected fictions in regard to the biographical situation of the three authors as well as to periods of political transition in Taiwan.