清詩選本與清代宗唐詩學——論宗唐派清詩選本的批評意識與實踐

The Selected Poems and Poetic Thoughts Advocating the Tang Style in the Qing Dynasty: On the Critical Consciousness and Practice of Qing Poems Anthology Advocating the Tang Style

在清代宗唐詩學的發展演進過程中，清詩宗唐派選本扮演了十分重要的角色。明清之際，在詩壇佔有重要地位的雲間派、西泠派均在詩學主張上皈依明代七子派，推尊漢魏盛唐之詩。其流派選本《雲間棠溪詩選》和《西陵十子詩選》在詩學傾向上一方面秉承前後七子之衣缽，一方面也對七子派的詩學傳統加以修正，開啟了清初宗唐派詩選本的序幕。此外，尚有吳偉業編選的婁東派詩選本《太倉十子詩選》、魏畊所輯全國性詩選本《今詩粹》等，其詩學傾向上也是對明代七子詩學的批判性繼承。康熙前中期的清代詩壇，雖然掀起了一股士人競相學習宋詩的熱潮，但是仍然存在堅守宗唐的詩學取向。其時，以鄧漢儀編輯的《詩觀》系列和倪匡世輯選的《振雅堂彙編詩最》等為代表的清詩選本就是宗唐詩學思潮的重要宣傳載體，影響頗深。乾嘉時期，沈德潛及其後學紛紛利用清詩選本等載體將清代宗唐詩學思潮推至頂峰。當然，這一時期的選本在批評意識和實踐兩方面均已出現了融合唐宋的趨勢。本文便以選本的批評特質為觀照視角，剖析宗唐派清詩選本在清詩宗唐詩學發展演變過程中所發揮的批評職能。

In the development of Qing poetic evolution advocating the Tang Style, Qing poems anthology advocating the Tang style played a very important role. In the turn of Ming and Qing dynasties, Yun Jian and Xi Ling School of poetry followed the literary points of view of the Seven Master of Ming dynasty, advocating the poetic styles of Han and Tang dynasties, whose anthologies such as Anthology of Yun Jian Tang Xi and Selected Poems: Ten poets of Xi Ling School show that their poetic orientation conformed with these masters on the one hand, and on the other hand they revised part of them. These anthologies were the milestones of new poetic tradition that advocates those of Tang dynasty in the early of Qing dynasty. This opened a prelude to Compiling selected poems whose poetic orientation conformed to those of Tang dynasty. Besides, Selected Poems of Tai Cang Ten Masters of Lou Dong School（by Wu Wei Ye）And Contemporary Classic Poems（by Wei Geng）also show that their poetic orientation critically succeeded those of the Seven Masters of Ming dynasty. Poetic circles emerged out of Song poetry ethos in the early Qing dynasty; however, some people still persisted in advocating Tang poetry. The selections of Qing poetry were important propaganda vehicle of this trend, such as Shi Guan series edited by Deng Hanyi and Zhen-Ya-tang Shi Zui edited by Ni Kuangshi etc. During the Qian-Jia period, Shen Deqian and their students pushed the poetic thoughts advocating the Tang style to the peak by the selected poems of Qing dynasty. Of course, the anthologies in this period have emerged to integrate with two trends between advocating the Tang style and the Song style in the critical awareness and practice. This article based on the critical characteristics of anthology analyzes the functions of Qing poem anthology advocating the Tang style in the process of poetic thoughts in the Qing dynasty.